Abstract: The subject of this work is the formation and development of a professional worldview among cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the learning process. The object of the study is the educational process at the university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, taking into account the historically developed features characteristic of educational organizations of this type. The author examines in detail such aspects as the peculiarities of training and education of cadets in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; a set of measures implemented in order to form and further develop a positive professional worldview, as well as the distinctive features associated with this process. In preparing this article, methods of theoretical and empirical research were used, philosophical and general scientific approaches were applied; professional and pedagogical literature was studied, generalized and analyzed, as well as best practices. The most important and difficult tasks that arise in the law enforcement sphere can be successfully solved only by those with a positive worldview, legally educated, patriotic employees of the internal affairs bodies. Education at the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia should form a positive professional outlook, values and beliefs among cadets that meet the needs of Russian society and correspond to its main tasks. Currently, this is very relevant, especially for educational organizations of law enforcement agencies. In the current conditions, activities aimed at the formation, preservation, strengthening and development of traditional spiritual and moral values are extremely significant. It involves the education and assimilation by future specialists of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation of a sense of pride in the opportunity to serve the Fatherland, responsibility for the fulfillment of professional duty and patriotism. The scientific novelty of the work is the conceptual model presented by the author of the formation of the professional worldview of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as its phased implementation in the educational environment of a departmental university.

Keywords: students, the educational process, departmental universities, training, model, education, cadets, The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, professionally important qualities, professional worldview

Abstract: The subject of this article is juvenile delinquency, its condition and certain aspects of determination in modern conditions. The article analyzes the personality characteristics of juvenile offenders, their susceptibility to the influence of external factors, as well as certain issues of determining juvenile delinquency due to cases of unjustified use of the institution of probation in practice. Attention is paid to statistical data, the analysis of which allows us to establish a clear downward trend in both the number of crimes committed annually by minors and their share in the total mass of crimes committed. The relevance of the stated research topic is related to the need to study the specifics of bringing minors to criminal responsibility in connection with the specifics of this category of criminals and the need to minimize criminal actions on their part. The need to study issues related to juvenile delinquency clearly takes place in modern conditions, especially in the light of the increase in the population of the Russian Federation as a result of the annexation of new territories. The novelty of the study consists in the presentation and research of statistical data on juvenile delinquency in the Russian Federation, as well as the formulation and analysis of problematic aspects of the application of the institution of probation to minors in its current form. In the light of the accession of new regions to the territory of the Russian Federation, this topic requires detailed study in order to exclude the likelihood of an increase in crimes committed by minors as a result of placing them in conditions with new legal realities for them. The main conclusions of the study are the statement about the need for further scientific research of options for optimizing the legislative regulation of the institution of conditional sentencing of minors, which in the future can contribute to the continuation of the trend towards an annual decrease in the number of crimes committed by minors, as well as generally have a positive impact on crime prevention activities in the country.

Keywords: statistics, minors, crime rate, criminal liability, age of criminal responsibility, determinants of crime, juvenile delinquency, identity of the criminal, suspended sentence, crime

Abstract: The paper substantiates the importance of preventing both general and group juvenile delinquency. The subject of the study of this article is the problems that arise when countering juvenile group crime. In order to identify and clarify the most effective methods and programs, the main factors contributing to the crime of persons under the age of majority have been identified, the study of which is a priority task of modern society and the state. Based on the study of materials of judicial practice, official statistical data and the views of researchers, the problems accompanying the process of psychological and legal prevention of juvenile delinquency were identified. The authors have argued and proposed the most promising methods in this field. The main purpose of the work is to develop proposals for the modernization of psychological and legal measures to prevent juvenile delinquency in the Russian Federation.  Both general scientific and special legal methods (system-analytical, comparative-legal, statistical) were used in the preparation of this article. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of theoretical, legal and organizational proposals for the modernization of the mechanism of psychological and legal prevention of juvenile delinquency. In the course of the scientific research, the main problems of countering juvenile group crime were identified, associated with insufficient interaction between law enforcement agencies and other social institutions in the field under study; with weak organization of work on crime prevention in educational institutions; as well as lack of adequate funding and logistical support. Based on the conducted research, a comprehensive analysis of statistical data and materials of criminal cases was carried out, the result of which allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to take into account the psychological characteristics of adolescents for the effective prevention of juvenile group crime.

Keywords: psychological and legal foundations, interagency cooperation, trends, the effectiveness of prevention, relapse, criminal liability, group crime, crime prevention, juvenile delinquency, crime

Abstract: The subject of the study is the circumstances, upon the occurrence of which an employee of a security and convoy police unit may have the right to use firearms in the course of carrying out official activities. The research methodology is represented by general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction) and private scientific methods (comparative legal method, modeling). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the study examines situations of possible use of firearms in relation to exceptional categories of citizens from the perspective of legal norms, which, regarding the activities of security and convoy units of the police, have not been previously analyzed. Fundamentally new is the issue of using firearms against woman in the context of the legal provisions of the Federal Law "On Police". Conclusions: 1. In accordance with the purpose of the security and convoy units of the police, the use of firearms in their activities is allowed in accordance with the legislation. 2. The legal regulation of the use of firearms by employees of security and convoy units of the police is generally reduced to the norms of the Federal Law "On Police". 3. On the basis of the provisions of the Federal Law "On Police", exceptional categories of citizens include: women, minors, persons with obvious signs of disability. The ban on the use of firearms against them is not unconditional. 4. The study, with references to the relevant norms of the Federal Law "On Police", the researches of other authors, provides a justification for the possible use of firearms against exceptional categories of citizens.

Keywords: necessary defense, woman, prohibition of use, exceptional categories of citizens, escape from custody, suspects, accused, police guard and escort units, On Police, firearms