Interpretative field of the moral concept "HONOR" in Avar and Russian languages

Alivalieva Dzhamilat Abdulkadirovna ORCID: 0009-0009-4958-2674 Lecturer; Department of English; Dagestan State University 367009, Russia, Rep. Dagestan, Makhachkala, Kirovsky district, Karakhsky St., 43 djam.schagbanova2014@yandex.ru

The relevance of this study is due to the need for a comprehensive study of the interpretative field of the concept of HONOR in the Avar and Russian languages. Various researchers have been engaged in the study of the moral concept of HONOR: E. M. Spivakova studied the concept of HONOR based on the material of Russian, English and Chinese paroemias^[9]; A.R. Dadaeva analyzed the linguistic and cultural features of the concept of HONOR/Russian Russian, German and Chechen languages ^[3], as well as an analysis of the concepts of FACE / CONSCIENCE /HONOR in the metalanguage system of Russian, German and Chechen languages ^[4]; S. A. Guchepshokova explored the archetypal concept of FACE/HONOR/Russian Russian, Adyghe, English and French languages ^[2]; S. V. Terina studied the ancient Russian concept of HONOR and its linguistic representation in the chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years" ^[11]; M. Shafagi, Yu.A. Zotova analyzed the concept of HONOR in etiquette speech acts based on the material of Russian and Persian languages[Russian Russian language and Kazakh-Russian art paintings of the world[14]; B.V. Kunavin, I.K. Tedeeva analyzed the concepts of HONOR and CONSCIENCE in the Russian language picture of the world^[5]; M.M. Khaibulayeva investigated the specifics of the implementation of the concept of NAMUS (HONOR, DIGNITY) in phraseological and paremiological units of the Avar linguistic worldview^[12]; N. Y. Subirkina studied the concept of HONOR in the French medieval worldview^[10]; Yang Yu. and Mitrofanova I.I. investigated the concept of HONOR in Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures ^[15]; I. V. Muskhanova investigated the linguistic and pedagogical aspect of the concept of SI (honor) in the paradigm of spiritual and moral education of the individual^[6]. The scientific novelty of our research is determined by the fact that no such comparative study of the moral concept of YAHL/HONOR has been conducted in Avar and Russian paremics before.

Russian Russian culture The concept of HONOR plays an important role in the Russian linguistic picture of the world, as it conveys meaningful denotations of national culture, manifested in the forms of the Russian language. Traditionally, honor described a person's mental quality, and social assessment was expressed by the term "glory." By replicating these tokens, the expression of the desired term was achieved. This is how the formula "honor" and "glory" appeared, in which the first word denoted the mental quality of a person (personal experience), and the second served as an expression of his assessment by society ^{[5, pp.184-186]}.

The interpretative field of a concept contains features that substantiate the key information content of the concept, are its consequence, or give it an assessment. The interpretative field is multicomponent, and several representative zones of the interpretative field are quite clearly distinguished in it, characterized by a specific internal deep similarity that groups features of similar composition ^{[7, p.78]}.

The encyclopedic zone

The encyclopedic zone summarizes the cognitive features denoting the features of the concept necessary for studying them on the basis of practice, familiarization, and relationship with the meaning of the concept ^{[7, p.78]}.

In the Avar language, for a dishonest person who has passed away, the world is vast: Avar. Iyahl gyechlo khvarase – dunyal glatlidab jo ^[1] (The world is spacious for a person who left this world without conscience/honor), and in Russian, the loss of honor and dignity for a person is more painful and painful than death itself: Dishonor is worse (heavier) than death^[8].

In the paremiological picture of the Avar language, honor and soul are equivalent: Avar. Yahlgi ruhlgi – baschadab jo ^[1] (Conscience/honor and soul are equal things). Sometimes it is necessary to overcome difficulties, trials and even bullying in order to eventually get what is really important: russ. Although with need, he achieved honor (i.e., he suffered) ^[8].

An honor corresponds to a reputation or a title: russ. As is the rank, so is the honor. Dignity and honor ^[8]. The concepts of "honor" and "respect" may undergo changes, and what is considered honorable today may lose its relevance tomorrow. Today they are honored, and tomorrow they will graze pigs ^[8]. In the Old Slavic cultural heritage, treating a guest to a drink was perceived as a tradition, and abstinence from alcohol was seen as disrespectful to the person offering a drink. The honor of beer is better (about the invitation), i.e. honor in this paremia is associated with an invitation to visit. Honor and respect for the customer are more important than finances and revenue: russ. A respectable buyer is more expensive than money ^[8]; honor is something more than material goods: russ. This honor is not a credit to the money ^[8]. The following parody demonstrates that honor is given to a simple messenger, while the bearer of a high rank is given the role of a bearer of honor: russ. According to the messenger and the messenger (and the messenger), honor ^[8], i.e. this proverb ironically emphasizes how important a person holding a high position is in the eyes of others. In the above-mentioned parodies, the concept of "honor" is used in the meaning of respect, honor.

In the paremia: Russ. A priest's dog should not be called a father ^[8]. The need to respect random people is emphasized. The preference not to respect people, including the clergy, is not deservedly demonstrated in the following parody: russ. Popov's dog is old, but it's not my name ^[8]. Paremia: Russian. Put a man on the doorstep, and he climbs under the image ^[6] pointing to an uninvited, uninvited or tactless guest. The holy corner in a peasant's hut was considered the most prestigious place, it had spiritual significance, revered guests were placed under the images, and everything that was closer to the threshold was associated with moving away from piety and truth. Despite his modest financial situation, the man enjoys well-deserved respect and has an impeccable reputation. Not rich, but glorious: the same gentleman ^[6]. The following parody describes military personnel or those who demonstrate full respect for someone's rank, rank, or age by their behavior.: Russian. He stood at attention, and his arms were at his sides. The concept of "honor" in the following paremia is associated with such definitions as honors, reputation, fame, nobility: russ. Whoever gets the first cup gets the first stick" (soldatskoe) ^[6]. The above proverbs represent the concept of "honor" without the participation of the nominating lexeme.

In the Avar linguistic consciousness, the concepts of "heroism" and "honor" are closely related: if you lose one of them, then the other will automatically be lost: Avar. Bahlarchil'i gi namus gi – kiyab go tzadah bukluneb, tsoyabni gi bilani, hadub tsoyab gi uneb ^[1] (Heroism and conscience/honor are always together, if you lose one, the other will be lost), and in the following parody, the concept of "honor" is connected with the concept of "appreciation": russ. Honor is good: the whole back is straight ^[8]. In the Avar language, heroism and honor are interrelated, while in Russian, honor and glory can differ and be considered as separate concepts. Honor is honor, but there is no glory ^[8], Russ. Honor is honor, but fame is not good ^[8].

In the Avar linguistic and cultural community, a sense of obligation, honor and conscience are key moral and ethical categories: Avar. NigImatazul betIer – chad, chilialul betIer – namus ^[1] (The head of goodness is bread, the head of humanity is honor/ conscience), honor is given to a person according to merit: Russ. God grant honor to those who know how to take it down ^[8], moreover, an honest person always adheres to the moral code and believes other people: russ. Honor is honor and believes in the word ^[8].

In the paremiological picture of the Russian language, honor, reverence and honor are not enough for a fool: russ. For a fool of honor (i.e. honor). In the next paremia, a person is not awarded any honor or glory.: Russian. Savva was taught neither in honor nor in glory ^[8].

The utilitarian zone

The utilitarian zone summarizes the cognitive features that determine the practical, rational attitude of people to the denotation of a concept, information related to reality and the uniqueness of its use for any applied tasks ^{[7, p.78]}.

In the paremiological picture of the Russian language, the hospitable guest and the owner of the house will provide shelter, will greet with a smile: russ. Honor and a place, but we'll send for beer; competent mastery of skill, in addition to profit, brings respect and fame to the craftsman in society: russ. Dock honor, dock glory, dock takes the money ^[8].

Intelligence is acquired through honor, and dishonor, on the contrary, gets rid of it: Russ. Honor gives birth to the mind, and dishonor takes away the last one; courage, sincerity, generosity and honor contribute to the development of the mind, and adversity, lack of necessary conditions for development deprive the mind: Russ. The mind gives birth to honor, and timelessness deprives the latter ^[8]; the presence of money can help to win honor and honor: russ. If we had money, we would find honor ^[8]. Honor is given to people who are wise in life experience, whitened with gray hair: Russ. The old colonel is older than the young general ^[8].

Regulatory area

The regulatory zone covers cognitive features that refer to what should and should not be done in the field that includes the concept ^{[7, p.78]}.

Need

In the Avar and Russian linguistic cultures, it is necessary to protect honor and dignity from an early age: Avar. RetIel tSiidalgo Tsiune, namus gyitIingo Tsiune! ^[1] (Take care of your clothes from the beginning, take care of your honor from a young age!), rus. Take care of your honor from a young age, and your health in old age ^[8]. In addition, it is difficult to preserve honor, and it is impossible to restore a good name: avar. Namus Gyechieb cherkhaldasagi Tsiunagi, chi bozhulareb Giumruyaldasagi Tsiunagi ^[1] (lit. Beware of a dishonorable body, and a life in which you are not believed).

Such a fundamental moral value as honor allows a man to make the right choice and do the right thing, this is a unique example of an Avar man: Avar. Namusalul laglungi, napsalul hanlungi vukIine kkola bihinchi ^[1] (A man should be a servant of conscience/honor, the ruler of the ego). Another paremia describes the ethical norms of the Avar: Nich baharasdasa ber baharav Liqiav ^[1] (Than without shame / conscience [a person] is better without an eye) ^[8], in the paremia it is demonstrated that it is better to have a physical disability than to lose shame and conscience.

When showing hospitality, it is important not to lose a sense of proportion and honor the way of life of people who show hospitality. Know, soldier, honor: you've warmed up, and you're out ^[6]; before discussing honor and admiring something, you need to think about people's needs: russ. What is honor if there is nothing to eat; respect and honor can be achieved naturally, but first of all it is necessary to show hospitality: russ. There would be something to honor (regale), but we will get honor ^[8]; if a person is respected, appreciated, revered, then this person needs to show nobility in order to meet people's expectations: russ. More honor, more trouble ^[8], russ. Great honor does not live without troubles ^[8].

It is necessary to respect and honor not only the owner, but also his dog: russ. According to the owner and the dog, honor^[6]; a person must fulfill his promise in the same way as a support must hold a structure: russ. Honor in the word stand ^[8], russ. Honor is firm, there is a stand in the word. In this paremia, honor is a moral and ethical category associated with honesty.

Not necessary

The following parodies demonstrate a negative assessment of the display of honor to the detriment of oneself. The Avar naive painting describes the difficult life of an honest man who does not enjoy earthly pleasures: Avar. Grave Russian bookese dunyal guy hob ^[1] (To the conscientious /honest and the grave is peace), and in the naive Russian painting it is not easy to remain a noble person, experiencing hunger and material difficulties: Russ. And honor is not for honor, if there is nothing to eat ^[6], Poor honor (or: what kind of honor) ^[8], If there is nothing to eat, Dislike and honor (Perish honor), as there is nothing to eat ^[8].

These proverbs teach us to appreciate ourselves and other people, to look for a way out of difficult life situations: avar. Yahi bichun, chad bosuge, chili bichun, bag bosuge ^[1] (Having sold your conscience/honor, do not buy bread, having sold your humanity, do not raise your dignity), Botsuh glumru bichuge, chadih namus bichuge ^[1] (Do not give your life for worldly goods, do not sell your conscience/honor for bread).

In the Avar linguistic and cultural society, the loss of moral values can lead to a loss of authority and fame: Avar. Namus bichani, moon chi vukIunarev, chili hwani, dur bag bukIunareb ^[1] (If you sell your honor/conscience, you will not be human, if you lose your humanity, you will not be appreciated), Namus bilisegIan, betYer kami lik! ^[1] (It is better to lose your head than your honor)", Namusalda hubab tlankl lese toghe, nahjebatsline zahlmalula ^[1] (Do not allow black spots on honor, it will be hard to erase). Drunkenness leads to dishonor and loss of dignity: Russian. To confess with hop is to part with honor ^[8]; one should not mock at ugliness and bodily injuries: russ. Mutilation is not dishonor, Russ. Dishonor is taken for mutilation ^[8]. The following parody describes people who are engaged in buying various goods, buying food in villages and deceiving people at the same time: russ. The lighthouse arrived, so honor came to the pig's wool ^[8].

General assessment area

The general assessment area combines cognitive features characterizing the overall assessment (positive/ negative) ^{[7, p.78]}.

Good rating

The following parody demonstrates the ironic juxtaposition of honor and glory with something real and ordinary: rus. Honor and glory are good, and a loaf of bacon is better. In the studied linguistic cultures, children respect their elders: the Russian proverb emphasizes that a mature, sane person respects the elderly. Children do not have sidney (and sedin) in honor (siden, who sits quietly and decorously, who is legless: seden is an elder) ^[8], in Avar linguoculture, respect for parents is shown: Avar. Ebel insul x1urmat gabulev kidago g1adada holaro ^[1] "Who respects parents (mother-father) will never be lost." In the last parody, the YACHT concept is represented through the x1urmat (respect) lexeme. The following Avar parody speaks about the manifestation of male heroism, endurance, willpower and spirit, firmness, honesty: Avar. Bihinchiyasul Yahi guroni, Jujahialul Tsietsa buhIulareb jo Gyechiebila ^[1] (The only thing that does not burn in the flames of hell is the conscience (honor) of a man). A man will not renounce his honor, even if he can lose his head: Russ. A nobleman will not throw away his honor, even though his head will perish ^[8].

Poor rating

Honesty is a virtue that includes qualities such as sincerity, uncompromising commitment to duty, personal steadfastness, truthfulness of activity, and loyalty to oneself and others.

Honesty is a virtue, but sometimes its excessive manifestation can cause difficulties for people: avar. Iyahl bachchulago, xlulun taglarav, hvaral rukulago, vakutsa khvarav ^[1] (The conscience of the appreciator was ruined by the unscrupulous, the one who helped others [lit. he buried his neighbor at his own expense] he died of hunger himself); honor does not always benefit a person: russ. It's an honor, but my ears are freezing (standing without a hat in winter) ^[8], Russ. This honor is not due to people (not visible, not noticeable) ^[8].

In the paremiological picture of the Avar language, the scoundrel's chest is on fire: Avar. Bezhun yahl kvarasul keren bukhlagi ^[1] (Whoever eats conscience/honor, let his chest burn), in Russian linguistic culture, dishonor can lead to a person's death: Russ. For honor (for shame), Ginet's head (is dying)! The sale of moral values can be considered in Avar linguoculture as a violation of moral norms and canons, since moral values are not subject to sale: Avar. Chiyada tsebe khat kkouras cherkh bichula, chiyae naku cIvaras namus bichula ^[1] (He who asks from strangers sells his body, he who kneels before strangers sells his honor/conscience).

The following Russian parody demonstrates a negative attitude towards an uninvited guest who will not be respected: russ. An uninvited guest, honor is not saved^[8]; in general, honor was not shown to all guests.: Russian. Not every guest goes to the front porch (to the front corner) ^[8].

In Russian linguistic culture, a person cannot cherish an honor that was bestowed on him for a short period of time. Honor is common (i.e., for one day), and even that he could not bear ^[8]; a person could not protect honor, nobility and reputation for himself: russ. I had my honor, but I didn't know how to take it down! ^[8] An insult that does not correspond to honor and duty is described in the following parody: If I may say so! The word is not honorable^[8]; honor and honor can bring a lot of trouble: What is more honor (i.e., honor) is more misfortune^[8].

Conclusion

In both linguistic cultures studied, it is necessary to keep honor from a young age, one should not show honor to one's own detriment, one should respect elders, excessive honesty is harmful. In Russian linguoculture, hospitality manifested itself in different ways: uninvited guests were not honorable, respect had to be shown not only to the owner, but also to his dog, a brilliant financial situation does not guarantee honor, changes always occur in the understanding of the honor/ respect dyad, a high-ranking person is respected. In Avar linguistic culture, one cannot sell honor for worldly goods and food, but in Russian, food is more valuable than honor. In the Avar naive picture, it is better to lose your head than honor; the concepts of "honor" and "heroism", "honor" and "soul" are interrelated, while in Russian honesty and appreciation are equivalent, and honor and glory are different.

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