Methods of speech influence in the news discourse of the regional online publication "Ariq Us online"

Varfolomeeva Yuliya Nikolaevna ORCID: 0000-0003-2914-5804 Doctor of Philology Associate Professor; Department of Media Communication; East Siberian State University of Technology and Management 670013, Russia, Rep. Buryatia, Ulan-Ude, Oktyabrsky district, Klyuchevskaya str., 40B yulvar83@mail.ru Other publications by this author

Kharanutova Ekaterina Innokent'evna ORCID: 0000-0002-6393-0702 PhD in Philosophy Associate Professor; Department of Media Communications; East Siberian State University of Technology and Management 40B Klyuchevskaya str., building 1, Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia, 670013, Russia kharanutova@inbox.ru Other publications by this author

Introduction.

In modern science, there is an increasing interest of researchers in the issues of discourse analysis (E.S. Kubryakova ^[10], V.A. Plungyan ^[15], A.A. Kibrik ^[8], etc.). The founder of the study of discourse is considered to be T. Van Dyck, who proposed a complex definition of discourse as a special communicative event ^[2]. One of the textbook definitions of the concept is given by N.D. Arutyunova ^[1] and others. According to N. D. Arutyunova, discourse is "a coherent text combined with extralinguistic, pragmatic, socio-cultural, psychological and other factors, a text taken in a conceptual aspect" is "speech immersed in life" ^{[1, pp. 136-137]}.

According to O.A. Pantina, there are two main directions in the study of discourse. One of them is the cognitive approach, which involves studying the relationship of discourse with cognitive functions and processes. The second direction, named by O.A. Pantina, is dynamic, related to the analysis of the processes of text creation and its perception ^[14]. In this paper, when analyzing discourse, the second approach is implemented, which makes it possible to identify the features of text formation using various methods of speech influence.

Scientists identify different types of discourses, among which media discourse can be distinguished (T. G. Dobrosklonskaya ^[3], E.A. Kozhemyakin ^[9], I.A. Sternin ^[18], N.N. Olomskaya ^[13], etc.). E.A. Kozhemyakin suggests interpreting the concept of media discourse as "thematically focused, socioculturally conditioned speech-thinking activity in the mass media space" ^{[9, p. 18]}. Media discourse has a number of functional and pragmatic goals and characteristics. According to E.A. Kozhemyakin, among them are the description of reality and its interpretation, the impact on consciousness, the assessment of reality, forecasting the development of events, and the like. The scientist analyzes different types of media discourse, including news, advertising, promotional (PR) discourses, as well as informational, analytical, and journalistic ^[9].

The object of this article is the news media discourse, which has been studied by such researchers as T.G. Dobrosklonskaya ^[3], M.R. Zheltukhina ^[5], O.A. Pantina ^[14], A.A. Negryshev ^[12] and others. News discourse has certain characteristics, such as the relevance of information, the significance of the events described, proximity to the recipient of information, belonging to a media source, and format features, the latter suggesting a single superstructure that helps informatively organize the news text ^{[11, 12]}.

The study of the genre specifics of news texts is an important aspect of the study of news discourse. E.V. Evdokimenko and A.A. Mosyan note that information genres include a certain set of information flows, providing the audience with the opportunity to regularly keep abreast of the most significant events. The genres of news texts must meet the requirements of factual accuracy, clarity, and brevity, and must be devoid of unnecessary details that may distract the reader from the main topic. Among the main news genres, E.V. Evdokimenko and A.A. Mosyan distinguish news notes (concise texts containing one specific fact), information reports (containing the results of discussions of problems at seminars, meetings, conferences, etc.), news interviews (information is obtained from a specific person in connection with a relevant event), news reports (observations from the scene) ^[4].

Today, online publications are one of the most popular sources of news information among Russians, and their user base has grown significantly over the past 15 years ^[16]. Currently, the audience has a unique opportunity to receive news about their interests, access the flow of information online and interact with it in real time. Interactive technologies, hypertextuality, and multimedia tools are used to attract attention in news discourse ^[11]. According to the research of T.G. Dobrosklonskaya, news reports have a high degree of ideological modality, which suggests the use of different ways of influencing the audience ^{[3, p. 17]}.

Discussion and results.

The subject of this study is the news texts of a regional online publication. Arig Us Online is an Internet platform created by the Arig Us Broadcasting Company in 2005. It is important to note that since April 14, 2017, she has been registered with the Office of Roskomnadzor for Control of Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Communications in the Republic of Buryatia.

The online publication Arig Us online has a domain name arigus.tv According to LiveInternet, the online publication holds a leading position in monthly media attendance in the city of Ulan-Ude, Republic of Buryatia. One of the periods of the most active growth of visitors is in March 2022, which is explained by the changing situation in the country. The monthly website traffic report shows that in March 2022, 3,215,063 page views were registered, and the total number of visitors reached 641,284. Among them, 53.0% are men and 47.0% are women ^[16]. The largest number of visitors is in the age group from 25 to 34 years (29.8%), followed by visitors aged 35 to 44 years (20.3%) and from 18 to 24 years (24.6%). It was also noted that 21.4% of visitors are over 44 years old and 3.9% are under 18 years old. The majority of the site's users (87.5%) are located in Russia, with Novosibirsk being the most popular region of readers (18.6%).

The online edition of Arig Us online stands out for its unique color palette, which includes the company's corporate colors: white, blue and light blue. The Arig Usa logo with the hashtag #main is located in the upper left corner of the page. Below the logo are the main sections of the site, including news, videos, programs, posters, etc. The website provides an opportunity to watch the live broadcast of the Arig Us 24 TV channel along with the program program in one window. During the broadcast programs, the "ARIGUS HD" brand plate is displayed in the upper left corner. The search function allows users to find news and TV releases both by query and by publication dates. Under the main sections of the website there is a line that tells you which programs are currently on air on one of the two TV channels (Arig Us and Arig Us 24), between which you can choose. On the other side of the line is the "Whole Program" link, which opens the full weekly TV program for two TV channels.

The necessary legal information is posted at the bottom of the Arig Us online website page, including the launch date of the website, the full name of the publication with an age restriction (18+), registration information about the media outlet, founder, editor-in-chief, contact phone numbers and e-mail addresses of the editorial office. The main page of Arig Us online contains a block with five main topics of the day, as well as the "New Releases" blocks with five current TV program entries.

News information is published in the "News" section. Popular tags are found at the top of the page, and below is a list of categories. The Arig Us online website has 14 headings: "Politics", "Economics", "Education", "Business", "Incidents", "Auto", "Health", "Culture", "Society", "City", "HiTech", "Ecology", "Sports" and "National News". All published materials are divided into three sections: "Popular", "Latest news" and "National News". The "Latest News" section contains 40 news texts. Each post is equipped with a view counter and the possibility of commenting for registered users. In addition, readers can share content on social media. On the right side of the page there are new videos, a link to the news archive, author's columns and a list of recent comments on the site.

Based on the idea that the impact on the mass addressee is an integral part of the news discourse, let's consider the work of scientists in this field.

One of the significant works devoted to speech influence is the book by K.F. Sedov ^[17]. In it, the author explores discourse as a space for interaction. It is based on the concept proposed by T.G. Vinokur and developed by V.V. Dementiev, according to which all forms of discourse are located between two poles: computer science and mathematics. Computer science is aimed at transmitting new information, and phatics is communication for the sake of communication itself, allowing the speaker to feel involved in society. K.F. Sedov complements this concept with a third aspect – impact, noting that in addition to transmitting information and identifying oneself as part of society, the speaker influences the listener and to varying degrees changes his perception of the world ^[17].

One of the developed and clear concepts that systematize the ways of speech influence in media discourse is the work of O.S. Issers ^{[6, 7]}. The scientist, investigating the phenomenon of speech influence, comes to the conclusion that almost the entire arsenal of linguistic means is used in this process: at the phonetic, lexical, grammatical levels, as well as with using the expressive means of language.

Phonetic ways of influencing speech include orthoepical norms, accent, intonation, the reception of rhymed echoes, playing on consonances, rhymes and rhythm. At the lexical level, the impact occurs due to connotative speech constructions that form and group around generalized symbols of Good and Evil, ideologically loaded vocabulary, phraseology, stylistic contrast techniques, etc. At the grammatical level, the impact is carried out through the actualization of grammatical units of the language (actualization of the categories of pledge, transitivity, time, inversion, parcellation, nominalization, thematic division, etc.) and word-formation game. At the level of expressive means of language, the impact of speech is carried out using various tropes (epithets, metaphors, metonymies, personifications, etc.), implemented with varying intensity, scope and detail ^[6].

During the content analysis and research of ways of speech influence in more than 500 news texts of the Arig Us Online online publication for March 2022, a period of increased growth in the number of its visitors (according to LiveInternet), it was found that in 32% of the total number of texts, journalists use various ways of speech influence. Of the 179 examples of using speech effects, 20.1% (36) are headlines and 79.9% (143) are the main part.

Consider the following news text as an example.

Headline: In Ulan-Ude, traffic police inspectors stopped cars with fake rights. She "failed" the exam and bought a license for 20 thousand.

Genre: news story. Subject: incidents. This text uses lexical means of influence: connotative speech constructions and stylistically labeled (colloquial) units (fake rights and failures). The note is imbued with irony, which is emphasized by the choice of words such as car ice, fake rights and filled up, which helps to enhance the impact on the reader. Further in the text of the note, there is a repeat: On the morning of March 24, in Sotnikovo, traffic police officers caught another driver with a fake license.

The methods of speech influence used made it possible to create a negative attitude towards the purchase of documents and to form a negative tone of publication.

The following text contains other means of speech influence.

Headline: The entrance to the forests of Ulan-Ude will be limited by 60 barriers. Very soon, mobile groups will start patrolling the forests. Genre: a note. Topic: ecology. The following professional qualities are noted in the analyzed text:

In 2021, more than 1,00 km of mineralized strips were laid in the city, and in 2022 they are planned to arrange the same number. Mineralized bands are being created around populated areas and socially significant facilities in order to delay the spread of grass-roots fires, the mayor's office noted.

The professionalism used creates the effect of immersion in the text, testifies to the competence of the journalist, and thereby inspires confidence in the reader.

In general, the means of the lexical level account for 79% (114) of the total number of influencing units. The most frequent ways at this level were phraseological units (cry for help, pull yourself together, unsettle, put on your feet, reach a dead end, etc.), their number was 49%, and stylistic contrasts (professionalism and scientific terms: mineralized bands, grassroots fires, parvovirus enteritis, etc.; colloquial: manageress, cash, communal, no, etc.; slang: wheelbarrows, burned down, covered, etc. – 40%), connotative speech constructions (well done, would-be investors – 4%), ideologically loaded vocabulary (heroes, scoundrels – 4%), neologisms (omicron strain, scoring – 2%), antonyms (cold winter, warm winter, increases, decreases, etc. – 1%).

At the level of artistic imagery, 65 ways were identified (20%), of which metaphors were the most common ways (snow captivity, full–throttle weekends, snow caps, etc. - 45%);

besoyuziya (Rescuers evacuated two men, changed their clothes, warmed them up, and took them to Nizhneangarsk. Leisure, entertainment, entertainment, cultural, physical education, sports, exhibition, educational, advertising, public, and mass events have been suspended until March 31 of this year. Flights are temporarily restricted to the following airports: Anapa, Belgorod, Bryansk, Voronezh, Gelendzhik, Krasnodar, Kursk, Lipetsk, Rostov-on-Don, Simferopol, Elista, etc. -18%);

rhetorical exclamations (Be careful on the road! It can be as intense and interesting as possible, all the limits/limitations are only in our head! There may be ice, rolling, and poor visibility on the roads! and others -12%);

epithets (excessive demand, lead clouds, paradise island, etc. – 9%);

rhetorical questions (Why was the case heard for so long and what influenced the decision of the People's court? Is it another natural whim, or did those responsible overlook it? and others – 5%);

repetitions (how we worked is how we work; how we lived is how we live, etc. – 4%);

irony (a car driver with fake rights, a company specialist (meaning a layman) and others – 3%);

personifications (natural caprice, Baikal's breath, etc. – 2%);

periphrase (king of the beasts, etc. – 2%).

From the means of the grammatical level, parcellation is fixed (Very difficult. Since there is no one at all. No mother, no father. Not married. There is no help from anyone – 1%).

Conclusions.

In terms of genres of news texts, it can be stated that most often the means of speech influence are used in the genre of news notes (143 influencing units), 15 means of speech influence were found in information reports, 14 in news reports, 4 in news interviews, which can be explained by the special popularity of the genre of notes and its quantitative dominance among other news sources. genres.

Speaking about the thematic classification, we note that most of the means of influence were found in texts with the theme of accidents (44), health (22), freedom (21), holidays (17). The data obtained can be interpreted as one of the confirmations of the special popularity of such topics among readers. Accidents and health are topics that arouse the regular interest of the audience ^{[4, 11]}, therefore, the online publication actively publishes such materials. Texts with the subject of the incident account for more than 18% of the total number of analyzed texts (92 units). The beginning of the SVR and the period of the holidays (the month of March) are events that contributed to the demand among readers of the materials of the relevant headings in a specific period: 22 materials were published on the SVR topic, 14 on the holidays.

Thus, it can be said that the news discourse of the online publication Arig Us online is characterized by the quantitative dominance of the news story genre, the popularity of topics related to incidents and the variety of ways of speech influence on the lexical, grammatical and figurative levels, which undoubtedly affects its popularity and relevance.

The article is published in its final version as approved following the last positive peer review recommending acceptance for publication. It incorporates revisions made by the author in response to prior negative peer review reports that did not recommend publication. All peer review reports, including initial negative reviews, are published in open access alongside the article. All versions of the author’s revisions are archived in the publisher’s repository and may be made available upon reasonable request in accordance with Elsevier’s editorial policies and applicable data availability requirements.
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