Abstract: The subject of the study is the phenomenon of cryptocurrency, current problems of legal regulation and prospects for legislative development in the Russian Federation. Despite the rapid spread in the economic and financial space, this type of currency actually found itself outside the field of view of the Russian legislator, which in practice creates numerous problems, aggravated by the lack of unity of views on explaining its essential aspects in the modern scientific environment. The purpose of the work is a thorough consideration of the provisions of substantive law that characterize such a fundamentally new segment of public relations as illegal activities with cryptocurrency. The objectives of the research are a detailed examination of the theoretical, legal, economic and conceptual aspects of cryptocurrency in the doctrine and current legislation of the Russian Federation. A wide range of general scientific and private scientific methods was used in the research, including forecasting, modeling, and formal law. Their application allowed us to develop the most effective ways to eliminate the identified problems. For example, using the forecasting method, it was possible to construct a model of legal regulation of cryptocurrency values in the Russian Federation. Development of an optimal model of legal regulation and improvement of criminal law tools for countering the use of cryptocurrencies for criminal purposes. In contrast to the studies that previously existed in the legal doctrine, this work for the first time concludes that it is necessary to comprehensively amend various branches of the current law. The author of the article analyzes the legislative and doctrinal uncertainty of the concept of cryptocurrency, pointing out its "defects". Through the analysis of judicial practice and the opinions of reputable jurists, it is proved that the problematic field of Russian legislation is the status of cryptocurrency, which is relevant due to its multifaceted practical significance in the context of informatization of public relations. It is concluded that it is necessary to classify cryptocurrency valuables as "other property", which should be reflected in both civil and criminal law. The possibility of recognizing cryptocurrencies as the subject of theft, as well as the subject of confiscation, has been determined. The practical significance of the conclusions is proved. The introduction of the proposed amendments to Articles 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will help optimize law enforcement practice in terms of countering the illicit trafficking of various types of cryptocurrencies. The results obtained can be used in the course of improving the current Russian legislation.

Abstract: The subject of the study of this article is the theoretical, legal and practical aspects of the analysis of cryptocurrencies used in the commission of certain types of criminal offenses, both financial and otherwise of various kinds within the framework of Russian criminal law policy. The purpose of the research is to characterize the current problems of understanding cryptocurrencies in the criminal law sense, as well as to develop a set of measures to improve current legislation in this area. The author characterizes the polysemantic essence of the term cryptocurrency itself, its volatility, and also proves the practical need to recognize cryptocurrencies as the subject and means of committing crimes. A significant theoretical and regulatory framework has been studied in the context under consideration. The author provides examples from Russian judicial practice to confirm his position. In this work, the method of system analysis, normative-legal, dialectical, statistical, logical, formal-legal and other methods that are widely recognized in modern legal science were actively used. The importance of using certain conceptual regulatory documents of regulatory branches of law, namely civil, banking and others, in the process of improving the current law, is emphasized for the process of proper qualification of certain types of criminal encroachments, illegal use of cryptocurrencies as a quasi-financial instrument. In order to form a uniform judicial practice, as well as eliminate existing contradictions, the author proposes updating the "basic legal structures" of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and certain provisions in the Resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the field of criminal analysis of cryptocurrencies in the mechanism of committing crimes, which together constitute the novelty of scientific research. The scope of the results provides for the possibility of practical use of the proposed recommendations in the process of improving current legislation.

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a permanent downward trend in the number of escapes from prisons. However, despite this, there still an urgent problem that requires a comprehensive and integrated approach to prevention of escapes. The subject of the study is the analysis of the key reasons influencing the escape of convicts and the identification of existing problems in the activities of correctional institutions. The purpose of the work is to assess the current state of the penal enforcement service in Russia in the context of work on preventing escapes; to draw up a portrait of a modern convict who escaped; to determine what the phenomenon of escapes lies in; to develop a set of measures to improve the prevention of escape activity; to formulate development directions for minimizing and preventing escapes from correctional institutions. The methodological basis of this work combines theoretical and practical aspects: criminological, regulatory and comparative analysis, statistical method, sociological approach, induction, deduction. The research paper proposes a list of a set of measures to eliminate existing problems and improve the work of the penal enforcement system to prevent escapes from places of deprivation of liberty. The results of the work indicate the importance of the problem of prisons' escapes and emphasize the need for a thorough study of escape activity both at the legislative level and at the level of each correctional institution, which as a result will be regarded as a competent investment in the normal functioning of the penal system. The scope of the results includes the practical use of the proposed recommendations by the territorial bodies of the penal enforcement system to monitor the state of escape activity and the full performance of assigned duties by correctional officers. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of author's recommendations on minimizing escape activity. The conclusions that were formulated in the work made it possible to draw attention to such an acute problem that exists in modern realities in correctional institutions, to the need to eliminate gaps and shortcomings that affect escapes from correctional institutions, as well as to develop optimal ways to minimize and solve these problems.