Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of the Soviet system of maternity and childhood protection as one of the main elements of social security of the population in Kabardino-Balkaria. Of particular interest is the strengthening of the role of the state in the education of the younger generation, which pursued the goal of displacing the traditional way of life in order to accelerate the involvement of women in production and replenish the number of working people. The purpose of the article is to study a set of archival documents, first introduced into scientific circulation, reflecting the inclusion of women in the Soviet socio-political and economic space. The work is based on the principles of analysis and synthesis, reliability, objectivity, the methodological basis of the study is the historical and genetic method. On the basis of archival materials, it is shown how the development of the law enforcement practice of the new Soviet family legislation was carried out. The scientific novelty of this study is represented by the representation, on the basis of factual material that began in the 1920s and 1930s, of the process of creating a network of preschool institutions, kindergartens and playgrounds designed not only for the more successful socialization of children within the framework of state ideology, but also equally necessary to free women's time for socially useful work. It has been proven that the removal of part of the educational functions from the management of the family and the transfer of them to the state made it possible to prepare personal space for a woman for self-realization in the socio-professional sphere.

Abstract: The subject of this research is such phenomena of the worldview of Circassian woman of the XIX – early XX century as space and time, and their impact upon the formation of her inner world. The goal of this works is the analysis of research interests of existential categories of the consciousness of a Circassian woman that previously remained on the periphery. In the conditions of the absence of writing system among the peoples of North Caucasus in the indicated period of time, the most informatory sources became the folk songs and proverbs, in which a Circassian woman was either the main character or the author. The author applies the phenomenological method that allows cognizing the inner world of Circassian woman. The scientific novelty, first and foremost, lies in the fact that a Circassian woman was depicted as the active, creative subject of meaning-making; and secondly, in determination of the fundamental categories of the consciousness of Circassian woman and their impact upon her worldview. A conclusion is substantiated that the phenomena of space and time in worldview of a Circassian woman have formed inextricably with the everyday realities of life and household of the patriarchal traditional society.