Abstract: The subject of the research in the article are the principles of literary translation of foreign authors in our country. The object of the research are the works of famous Soviet and Russian translators of foreign literature, as well as the views on the translation art of such outstanding researchers as K. I. Chukovsky, I. A. Kashkin, S. F. Goncharenko, A.V. Fedorov, E. G. Etkind, etc. Special attention is paid to the problem of translating folk speech. As an example, the authors of the article consider translations of the "Poem about One Day" by the Spanish poet and thinker Antonio Machado, made by I. Tynyanova and N. Gorskaya. Biographical, descriptive and cultural-historical methods were used in the work. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the fact that for the first time a comparative analysis of two versions of the translation of one of the works of A. Machado is carried out. The relevance of this article is due to the importance of the problems of literary translation in Russian culture, the insufficient level of research of A. Machado's creative heritage in Russian Spanish studies and the lack of a detailed analysis of translations of his works into Russian. The main conclusions of the work confirm the refusal of domestic translators of foreign poetry from the "literalist" approach to translation, the desire to convey the spirit, images, and rhythm of the poetic text by means of the native language. This is also confirmed by the comparison of two ways of transmitting live folk colloquial speech in the analyzed translations.

Abstract: The subject of the research is the functioning of single Spanish literary standard and practical experience of the Spanish Language Academy Associations in imposing a particular language standard. The research targets included analysis of the main activities of the Spanish Language Acvademy, theoretical grounds of their language policy, definition of standard, usage and variability of modern Spanish. The researchers intend not only to analyse the theoretical grounds of Spanish academic science but also to develop criteria that can be used to write study books for Russian universities as wll as to make it easier for a student or lecturer to choose a vocabulary or studybook. The main research methods are analysis, systematization and classification of theoretical utterances contained in introductions and forewords published by the Academy, and all kinds of presentations and speeches published on the websites of the aforesaid institutes. For the first time in the academic literature the researchers carry out an integral analysis of theoretical provisions of the main publications made by the Spanish Language Academy Assotiations at the beginning of the XXIth century. All publications have been divided into two groups, those that discuss the variety of Spanish dialects and those that are devoted to Spanish literary standard. The analysis of the foresaid publications has made it possible to conclude that the Spanish Language Academy intends to develop single Spanish language standard for all Spanish-speakers at all levels including school education.