Abstract: The research subject of this article is the texts of folklore and literary works of the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, dedicated to the issue of alcohol consumption. The research was conducted using historical-cultural and comparative-historical methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the authors’ attempt to comprehensively study the problem of alcohol in folklore and written literary works of the pre-revolutionary period. The study examines the initial instances of critical understanding of alcohol consumption in Yakut society, as expressed in oral and written literary traditions of the people. In their analysis of the texts, the authors explored previously undiscovered archival documents. They conclude that, starting from the late 19th century, “songs about vodka” emerged in Yakut folklore, addressing the issues of alcohol consumption and explaining the harmful effects of alcoholic beverages to the population. The article acknowledges the contribution of folk singers who, alongside intelligentsia, initiated efforts the combat excessive drinking in Yakutia.
In the 1910s, A.E. Kulakovsky, the founder of Yakut literature, authored two works addressing the problem of alcoholism. These were the first works in Yakut literature presented in the form of literary genres: a short poem and a narrative poem with a clearly expressed and developing plot, and a well-balanced composition. While folk singers raised awareness of the issue of drinking in their songs and portrayed its harmful effects on individuals, Kulakovsky, recognizing alcoholism as a potential national threat, vividely illustrated the potential consequences of alcohol addiction and its destructive impact on people's lives. A.E. Kulakovsky, as an educator, public figure, and spiritual leader of the nation, endeavored through his creative work to caution his people against excessive alcohol consumption.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the process of conception of satire in Yakut literature. The object of this research is the origin and evolution of satire in Yakut poetry. The subject is the satirical compositions of the founders of Yakut literature A. E. Kulakovsky and P. A. Oyunsky. The goal consists in determination of the role of the first writers in conception and development of satire. Yakut literary studies feature research dedicated to particular authors and works, rather than satire as a whole. Therefore, the relevance of this article lies in the holistic review of satire. The theoretical-methodological framework is comprised of the cultural-historical method, within the framework of which the conception of satire is considered a product of social life and cultural-historical conditions of Yakutia of the early XX century. The work also employs the specific-historical and comparative-typological methods of research. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the Yakut literary studies currently do not have a comprehensive and systemic research of satirical genre in national poetry. It is established that the pioneer satire in Yakut literature is the founder of Yakut literature A. E. Kulakovsky, who devoted his works to harsh criticism of the conservative traditions of patriarchal-feudal society, rapacity and inhumanity of the new capitalist relations. Kulakovsky was first to create gallery of the satirical portraits of social nature, such as socially classified images of stingy wealthy man, drunken bourgeois, etc. In the 1920s, the pioneer of Yakut Soviet literature P. A. Oyunsky composed works that of socially charged nature. The poet introduced the following new genres into Yakut literature: fable, pamphlet, and parody. Their works surged public thought and marked the birth of satirical genres in Yakut poetry.

Abstract: The subject of this research is examination of the development of Yakut fiction literature on the pages of the magazine “Sakha Sangata – “Voice of the Yakut” (1912-1913). The material for this study became the articles published in this magazine. The goal consists in determination of the role of magazine as an initiator of the Yakut fiction literature. Historiography of the question demonstrates that the magazine played an enormous role in education and growth of national self-consciousness of the Yakuts, as well as development of the sociopolitical and cultural life. The works of the founders of Yakut literature A. Kulakovsky, A. Safronov, V. Nikiforov and A. Gavrilov, who published their first articles in the magazine, had a great impact upon the rebound of public thought, and marked the conception of literary tradition in culture of the ethnos. The theoretical-methodological framework became the cultural-historical method, which views the conception of national culture as a product of social life and cultural-historical conditions in Yakutia of the XX century. As a results of comprehensive analysis of the materials in their genre development, it is determined that the literary principles of original publicistic writing have formed on the pages of first secular magazine, as well as the transition  from the folklore tradition towards the authorial written literature has taken place. The novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of folklore and literary texts for revealing patterns the development of fiction literature. The conclusion is formulated that the launch of the magazine “Sakha Sangata” indicated the actual history of the Yakut literary lore, the moment that the national literature took the path of progressive development.