Abstract: In the conditions of import substitution policy and ensuring food security of Russia, special importance gains the innovative development of agricultural industry and increase of socioeconomic living conditions in rural areas. Thus, sustainable development of the Russian regions is made dependent on the production and social growth indicators in agricultural sphere, including by means of capacity building of entrepreneurship. The problem of formation of the brand new innovation-oriented institution of agricultural entrepreneurs comes to the forefront. For its solution, a significant role is assigned to the system of agricultural education. The goal of this research lies in substantiating the socioeconomic importance of developing entrepreneurial competences of students with the system of agricultural education on the example of Primorsky Krai. The study applies the analysis and generalization of the results of scientific research, as well as the modern socio-pedagogical discourse with regards to teaching entrepreneurship. The analysis of empirical data presented by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, allowed acquiring the scientifically substantiated conclusions on the social and human resource issues in rural areas, employment rata among the graduates of agricultural universities, as well as the need for development of small entrepreneurship in agricultural sphere of the region. The authors underline the socioeconomic importance of entrepreneurial competences of graduates of the system of agrarian education in solution of the indicated problems; as well as suggest the mains objectives of the motivation and increasing entrepreneurial competences of the students.