Abstract: The subject of this research is articulation of the problem of legal qualification of a new institution of Russian law – debt restructuring in a personal bankruptcy case. The author sets a goal to determine the scope of problems emerging in examination of a question of legal nature of the debt restructuring plan, and proposes ways of their possible solution. The research covers question such as correlation between the restructuring plan and other categories of the institution of personal insolvency, presence of elements of a deal in the restructuring plan, essence of debt restructuring, as well as court’s role in personal debt restructuring. The empirical base of this research includes materials from case law of both, lower and higher courts. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the approach towards definition of the essence of restructuring plan that is principally different from other versions in literature, namely the qualification of the restructuring plan as a legal claim, rather than a civil law deal. The author advances a concept, according to which the obligations on debt restructuring stem from a court order, rendered in response to demands of parties (or party) in a personal a bankruptcy case expressed by presentation of restructuring plan to the court. Based on this concept, legal practitioners intending to argue a restructuring plan, are recommended to file an appeal for court order on confirmation of restructuring plan, or with a motion on its annulment by the court, rather than with a request to find the restructuring plan an invalid deal.