Abstract: The subject of this research the discussion about time and eternity between the two most prominent Jewish philosopher and theologians of the Middle Ages – Hasdai Crescas versus Moses Maimonides. Special attention is given to the concept of time proposed by Hasdai Crescas in his primary work “Or Adonai” (The Light of the Lord). It is demonstrated that the position of Crescas is largely similar to Neo-Platonic tradition of the interpretation of time (Plotinus, Iamblichus, Damascius), while the views of Maimonides on temporality contain the spirit of Aristotelian physics. The key research method is the hermeneutic approach to analyzing the texts in Ancient Jewish, Ancient Greek and Latin languages, as well as the comparative-historical method. The author comes to a conclusion that the clash of views between Moses Maimonides and Hasdai Crescas regarding the nature of time and eternity is a result of the fundamental disagreements of both thinkers in the question of the divine attributes and relationship between God and mortal plain.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the history of evolution of philosophy of the gift. The goal of this work is to trace how the topic of gift and reciprocity of gifts, formulated within the framework of ethnographic studies in the early XX century, eventually exceeded the limits of ethnography and social anthropology, and became the subject of philosophical reflection on the background of widely different intellectual traditions – from structuralism to post-phenomenology. The author demonstrated that the attempts to solve the “riddle of gift” lead to the emergence of a specific dorealogical pattern in the modern philosophy. The author comes to a conclusion that on evolutionary path of dorealogy, the philosophers proposed the four key interpretations of the gift: 1) the gift was discovered as an archaic, but at the same time the best and most preferable principle of organization of the public relations; 2) the gift was viewed as a source of the relations of power; 3) the experience of gift giving was associated with the procedure of mutual recognition between people; 4) the grounds have been detected for aligning the concepts of “gift” with suc important concept of phenomenology as “givenness”.