Abstract: Due to the extensive changes introduced into the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in 2017, which affected the area of electronic payments, it is relevant to examine the problem and peculiarities of legal regulation of their separate type – payments without a bank account. The subject of this research is legislation of the Russian Federation, case law and doctrine in the area of establishment and development of legal regulation of payments on behalf of private entities without opening a bank account. The object of this research is the public relations emerging in the sphere of legal regulation of payments by payment orders. Analysis is conducted on correlation between payment orders and payments without opening a bank account. The article also examines the grounds for refusal by credit institutions to accept a payment order. The conclusion is made on the existence of discrepancies in understanding of particular grounds for refusal by credit institution to accept payer’s order on transferring funds to a recipient. The formulated conclusions are supported by the law enforcement practice that does not contain the exhaustive list of reasons for refusal. Therefore, the article offers an original interpretation of the Paragraph 2 of Section 2 of the Article 864 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation stipulating the reasons for refusal to accept payment order for execution.