Abstract: Relevant trend in studying human capital is the determination of factors that affect its state and dynamics, among which is the type of settlement. The article explores the problems of formation and development of human capital characteristic to city and rural locality. The highlighted types differ in their socioeconomic and other conditions that affects the process of reproduction of human capital, and correspondingly its qualitative and quantitative parameters, as well as promotes uneven distribution of this resource to the benefit of the city. Demographic trends, level of education, employment and unemployment rate, salarie, etc. are examined in the context of city and rural locality, indicating a more favorable situation in city due to concentration of opportunities for the formation, development and efficient usage of human capital. Differences in living standards, opportunities for personal fulfillment, and other related to the type of settlement comprise a set of factors that contribute to consistency of the highlighted peculiarities of reproduction of this type of resource, and consolidate the advantages of city against rural locality.

Abstract: In modern conditions, human capital manifests as one of the leading factors of socioeconomic development. The efficient management over its formation and usage requires taking into accounts the specificity of these processes, as well as the impacting factors. One of them is the differentiation of the regions in human capital stock affected by the migration processes that reallocate it between the regions, as well as between a city and rural areas. The subject of this research is the internal migration within Russia viewed in the context of interregional migration and urbanization processes. The empirical foundation is the descriptive analysis of statistical data, complemented by examination of factors substantiating the dynamics of population migration rates. The analysis of statistical data demonstrates the vector of intraregional and interregional migration flows, which simultaneously boost or reduce the potential of different regions with regards to human capital. Most attractive for the migrants are the large cities and adjacent areas. The factors affecting the intensity and vector of migration remain the presence or absence of educational facilities, job opportunities and decent salaries, developed social infrastructure and a desire to achieve certain standard of living.