Abstract: The subject of this research is the economic experiment aimed at rationalization of the muskrat hunting activity in the middle of the XX century on the territory of the Kalarsky District of Chita Region. Through a special decree, the regional authorities push the muskrat and other color peltry industry towards autonomous balance with right to procure in the territories assigned to them. The decision led to creation of two competing peltry and fur procurement offices in the region, and correspondingly, sharp conflict of economic interests between them. The muskrat industry had to become the first experimental industry in the north of Chita Region, developing based on original accounting models. The applied measures qualitatively improved the management structure and economic results of the industry, while the planned innovative solutions had to take the barely functioning industry into the forward positions of the Socialist economy. The main conclusions consists in the following positions: the muskrat industry must develop autonomously, based on cost accounting; proper organization of labor and planned industrialization of production sectors is the cornerstone for successful implementation of economic development program of an industry.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the initial period of establishment of the hunting and fishing industry in the territories of northern Chita Region. The harsh climatic conditions and mountain-taiga landforms substantiated the specific development of the new economic branches, among which stood out the most ancient industry – hunting. The importance of the development of the riches fur resources encouraged the vigorous activity of Soviet people, and the subsequent collectivization led to the creation of regional system of planned use of all assigned to communal farms hunting areas. One of the urgent problems throughout the entire chronological timeframe examined in the article was the management of hunting labor, which affected all indexes of the extraction of down and fur raw materials. This article is the first to introduce into the scientific discourse of the previously unstudied archival materials from the State Archive of Zabaykalsky Krai, as well as the comprehensive approach towards examination of the problems of history of the development of hunting and fishing industry in the region. Based on a broad circle of sources, the author concludes on the erroneousness of the initial hunting establishment and its consequences.