Abstract: The subject of this research is the gender distribution in the local self-government bodies at the current state of Russian development. The author thoroughly analyzes the gender representatives in various structures of the local self-government and municipal authorities. The article defines the political component of gender asymmetry in the local government, as well as identifies five key forms of gender asymmetry in the local self-government bodies, including hierarchical, position, role, territorial-status, power asymmetry. The author formulates the social and political factors of establishment of gender asymmetry, and reveals the difference in gender distribution between the municipal posts and positions of municipal service. The research leans on the statistical analysis of the data published by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service on the personnel of municipal service and municipal positions as of October 1, 2016. In the course of this work, it is determined that the gender asymmetry in the local self-government bodies carries institutionalized character; it is entrenched in social practices that have been reproduced for over decades in the election processes, formal and informal interactions at the local level. The movement up the ladder of official positions increases the role of political factor: the positions of municipal service of senior and chief groups in power relations manifest as the transitional stage from management to power positions, where takes place the gender inversion.