Abstract: The subject of this research is the historical analysis of causes and consequences of the so-called Renovation project manifested after the October Revolution as a result of “release” of the Orthodox Church from state support. In particular, the author examines the development of Renovationism in Ukraine over the period of 1917-1932, when the Orthodox Church faced the short-term prospects for strengthening of their influence upon the society. However, the new atheistic “proletarian” state could not let it happen, due to the ideological opposition to Christianity alongside the reason that it had to “make arrangements” with the new serious public power, which undoubtedly would become the Church over time. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that the examined scientific historical problematic opens the new comprehension of the meaning of autocephalous movement in Ukraine that significantly differed from such in  Russia, Belarus, Georgia, and other countries. Namely, the motive for creating the autocephaly in Ukraine became the idea of separatist nature. In addition, the distinct feature of Ukrainian Renovationism lied in the appeal to the nationalistic ideas. Author’s special contribution is the introduction of the new historical facts base on the previously unknown documents, particularly the correspondence of the Ukrainian supporters of Renovationism with the local churches, especially the Cyprus Church. The aforementioned correspondence testifies to the fact that the leadership of Cyprus Church held off on acknowledging the Ukrainian autocephaly, which can be interpreted as a manifestation of the political and canonic carefulness in the situation of political uncertainty of that period.