Abstract:  
The author underlines that currently the majority of citizens in the Republic of Abkhazia have also have citizenship of foreign state. The object of this research is the analysis of loyalty to the Republic of Abkhazia of its citizens who have foreign citizenship alongside the identification of factors that affect it. The subject is the international treaties and normative legal acts of the Republic of Abkhazia that regulate the questions of dual citizenship and predetermine the loyalty of the dual citizenship holders pertinent to the Republic of Abkhazia, as well as works of the scholars dedicated to the question of loyalty of the dual citizens. Special relevance is given by the fact that the project of agreement of the Republic of Abkhazia and Russian Federation about the regulation of dual citizenship issues is currently at the stage of approval. Conclusions drawn in the course of this research could be used in formulation and signing of the indicated international treaty. Based on the existing scientific views, the author attempted to provide characteristic to the category of loyalty, define loyalty as a component of citizenship, highlight the categories of dual citizens in the Republic of Abkhazia along with the factors that can affect their loyalty, as well as make a suggestion on how the loyalty of dual citizenship holders is taken into account in terms of establishment in legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia of the admissible cases of dual citizenship (dual citizenship de jure).
 

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the history of establishment of the dual citizenship legal institution in the Republic of Abkhazia. It is noted that at the present stage, the majority of the Abkhazian citizens are bipatrides – along with the citizenship of the Republic of Abkhazia, also have citizenship of other state. The object of this research is the analysis of the content of dual citizenship institution of the Republic of Abkhazia from the historical perspective. The author attempts to examine the establishment process of the aforementioned institution throughout the period of 1990-2017, since the moment of adopting the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia on August 25, 1990 until the present time. The subject of this work is all normative legal acts of the Republic of Abkhazia that were adopted after August 25, 1990, international agreements of the Republic of Abkhazia, as well as normative legal acts of the states, with which in accordance with the legislation and international treaties of the Republic of Abkhazia, bipatrism was established de jure. Of special relevance is the execution of agreement between the Republic of Abkhazia and Russian Federation on cooperation and strategic partnership; as specified in the Article 13, Russian Federation had to take additional measures aimed at streamlining procedures for acquisition of citizenship of the Russian Federation for the citizens of the Republic of Abkhazia. The author believes that in case of adopting such measures, the number of bipatrides – Abkhazian citizens with the Russian citizenship, significantly increases within the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia, and thus, escalates the attention of Russian scholars towards acquisition of the Russian citizenship by the separate categories of individuals – in this case – citizens of a particular state. The scientific novelty consists in the fact, that despite the relevance of the topic at hand, in the Republic of Abkhazia there are no scientific research on dual citizenship as an integral legal institution; the existing works carry the politological, historical, or sociopolitical character. The author is first to define the key periods in establishment of the dual citizenship institution, as well as regularities and peculiarities of its formation over the period of 1990-2017.

Abstract: The article considers one of the problems of legal regulation and law enforcement in the sphere of military service in the Republic of Abkhazia. The author states that at the present time, the legislation in the sphere of military service and military duty is being formed in the Republic, including the new institution of “mobilization reserve of the Republic of Abkhazia”. The author proves that this institution is in many aspects contradictory and has many gaps, which cause different problems of theoretical and practical nature. The author emphasizes one of such problems – the question of correlation between the notions of “mobilization reserve of the Republic of Abkhazia” and “armed forces reserve of the Republic of Abkhazia”. The research subject is the set of statutory acts of the Republic of Abkhazia, which regulate the procedure of military service and discharge of military duty, including the provisions connected with discharge of military duty in mobilization reserve and armed forces reserve. The author uses such general logical methods and approaches as analysis, synthesis, analogy, the system method and the structural method. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author is the first to analyze the legislation of the Republic of Abkhazia with the purpose to compare the notions of “mobilization reserve” and “armed forces reserve” of the Republic of Abkhazia. The author describes the reasons of their differentiation: the list of persons forming mobilization reserve and armed forces reserve; the procedure of inclusion into mobilization reserve and armed forces reserve; types of mobilization reserve and armed forces reserve, legal status of reservists and persons subject to military service, the procedure of promotion of reservists and persons subject to military service; the procedure of exclusion from mobilization reserve and armed forces reserve.