Abstract: The globalization processes of the modern world are not at all characterized by certainty and security, because competition between states based on market principles and the struggle for world leadership in socio-economic indicators lead to international and domestic political problems. The situation is also aggravated by the fact that the previously used political techniques of imposing the image of an internal or external enemy or ethnocentrism, when some certain groups were given a negative image, and others exclusively positive, almost ceased to bring the desired results. Because, in the era of information technology that creates opportunities for multilateral information acquisition, it is almost impossible to achieve absolute manipulation of public consciousness.
This was largely facilitated by the creation of classical theories by Western scientists that reveal the specifics of the behavior of the initiators (instigators) of a conflict situation and the motivations for consolidating people in accordance with a certain ideology. At the same time, practice shows that classical theories today do not bring the necessary results, and the development and proposals of new concepts that contribute to the prediction, prevention or elimination of conflicts are almost impossible today.
The problem also lies in the fact that existing theories can only give a general picture of the conflict, but not control or accurately predict the outcome of the situation, which makes it difficult to ensure security and stability of modern globalization processes. In this regard, the disclosure of the specifics of classical theories and their reinterpretation in the XXI century are of fundamental importance for all societies and, above all, for the post-Soviet space, because the conflicts that have arisen here have bot

Abstract: The present work is devoted to the topical topic of the role of technoparks in the modern globalization processes of the world and national economy. This is far from an accidental fact, since the specific structure of the modern world order poses special challenges to the societies of the post-Soviet space. The prospects for their development and equal participation in modernization processes depend on their ability to meet new requirements. In this regard, its driving mechanisms, affecting almost all states and societies, require deep rethinking and careful analysis. The paper pays special attention to the phenomenon of "silicon valleys", the role of science in the USA and the countries of Southeast Asia, and makes a comparative analysis of their specific features. Based on the data obtained, the degree of lag of post-Soviet societies will be determined, measures to overcome it are proposed, first of all, by reforming the educational system and science, which automatically put the human factor and intellectual capital in the first place. The work uses an interdisciplinary approach of socio-humanitarian disciplines, in particular, socio–cultural anthropology, semantics, structural, comparative analysis, on the basis of which the problems of post–Soviet societies are identified, modern modernization and globalization processes are analyzed. The work is aimed at a wide range of readers interested in the phenomenon of "silicon valleys", as well as scientists in the fields of politics, law, sociology, economics, cultural anthropology.

Abstract: This article is dedicates to the relevant topic of using manipulative technique – the so-called political spectacle, which is implemented via the method of substituted governance/participation. The authors give a new perspective on the concept developed by the U.S. sociologists; introduce the category of dichotomy “governance/participation”; expose the essence of the revival of conservative sociocultural values. Comparative analysis is conducted on the political processes that take place in the United States and the Russian Federation. The article determines their common and specific features, which reveal the factors of accelerated modernization in the United States and factors that impede such processes in the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the author makes recommendations aimed at overcoming Russia's stagnation in this regard. The acquired materials are valuable for the experts in the field of international relations, political scientists, cultural anthropologists, sociologists, as well as anyone interested in improvement of Russia–United States relations. Multiple Russian and foreign research are dedicated to the revival of the traditional forms of governance in modern Russia, as well as in the entire post-Soviet space, which distorts the fundamental elements of democracy. However, this is the first research on examination of the traditional form of governance and its application to modern realities in the context of political spectacle, introduced into sociology by the American scientist Murray Edelman. An attempt was made to apply M. Edelman’s methodology in the conditions of Russian reality; carry out a comparative analysis of the  political processes, functionality of the  institutions, political culture of the Russian and American societies; and offer the ways of overcoming difficulties and issues related to transition of the modern Russian society to a higher level of modernization development.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the determination of sustainability of the traditional Confucian values in China. The meaning of the “Hundred Schools of Thought” along with the scholars, scribes, and Confucian academic elite is being highlighted. The traditional Confucian values are introduced as a central zone of social culture that plays a crucial role at the various stages of Chinese history, including the current political systems of the Capitalist and Communist China. The subject of this research is the traditional Confucian values, turning points of the middle XX century, division of the single country into two states, etc. The work applies the structural anthropological, politological, legal, and social methods. The scientific novelty consists in identification of the conceptual core of China’s culture, which had established under the impact of multiple religious movements: Buddhism, Taoism, Legalism, and Confucianism. They comprised the conceptual core of China’s intellectual capital, symbols of the public and state orders, intellectual networks, and centuries-long ties between the generations. Each school can manifest as a prototype of the political party, while their rivalry – as a confrontation of the political opponents and oppositional experimentalism.

Abstract: This work examines the conception of intellectual capital in Antiquity, as well as determines the specificity of intellectual activity and succession of intellectual capital. The author explains when and under what conditions the intellectual capital became the capital of primary importance in the state, and which labor can be considered as intellectual capital. The most important is the sociocentric core of intellectual capital that does not allow deviation, because in this case it becomes biased, and its projects – conjunctural, which inevitably leads to loss of the status and falling out of an individual from the intellectual networks. The author determines the criteria of mental labor: novelty of the idea, social importance and social value of the projects, interrelation between the mental labor and social problems or requests. The foundation and pivot of intellectual capital is the freedom of thought and actions, pluralism, intellectual rivalry, opposition of power, secularization, avant-gardism, reformations, constant search for the new, and experimentalism. The established intellectual capital represents the concept and theoretical ground of the order of social life, and is directly associated with the individual and their interests.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the detection of peculiarities of the transitional period of the post-Soviet societies; the goal of the work is the reduction of the gap between them and the developed countries of the world, as well as the conditions encouraging the growth of the social wellness of the regular members of society and their inclusion into the modern processes of globalization. The author examines the socializing, leading, and adapting mechanisms that determine the strategy of the innovational reforms; categories of the sociocultural space, networking and hierarchical types of organization of the political system, criteria of assessment of the efficiency of the government administration, and others are being featured. The author suggests using the global experience of scientific study of sociocultural processes that would help to establish the work models and hypotheses of control over political processes of the transitional period of the post-Soviet societies. The applied sociological, political, anthropological, and sociocultural methods of the research demonstrated that modernization of the post-Soviet societies requires reforms and giving the processes of transformation the goal-oriented and rational-constructive character. This work analyzes the specificity of the transitional period on the post-Soviet space, as well as the conditions which positively or negatively affect these processes.

Abstract: Work is devoted to creation of institutional model of civil disobedience as way of pressure of society upon the power for protection of social inquiries and interests which practice is absent in the former Soviet Union. Research objective: to show what type of political activity and a political representativeness is legitimate as from society, and the state; what spheres of political space civil society and where it is necessary to draw line between the right of civil society and state can capture; how to avoid danger of continuous mobilization of citizens against the state. An object of research is civil disobedience as the social movement, and object – the civil initiatives, civil activity directed on protection of the sovereignty of society (the main carrier of the power in the state) and from an arbitrariness of the authorities. The structure and functions of the organization of civil disobedience, sociocultural inquiries is allocated as motives of a protest, condition at which disobedience has legal character and as the social inquiry turns into pressure tool in hands of society, without conflicting thus to democratic procedures and norms.

Abstract: This article examines the role of political and industrial revolutions that became a catalyst for the European countries: 1) substitution of the former social norms with new; 2) formation of social organization of the society; 3) establishment of the legal state and modern civil society. The goal of this work is to create a new sociocultural model for modernization, which would be the most effective for the post-Soviet society. This research is aimed at determination of the conceptual side of modernization of the post-Soviet states, as well as sociocultural continuation of these processes with those that took place in the European nations during the XVII-XX centuries. Traditional historical approaches are insufficient for the modelling of the processes of modernization; although they define the stages of development of the European societies, but to not demonstrate under what conditions the Western modernization could be successful for the societies of a different sociocultural type. The scientific novelty consists in elucidation of the position on the sociocultural foundation of modernization, and substantiation of the fact that sociocultural processes are an intrinsic part of the modern social modernization. The various speeds of the sociocultural changes determine the differences in the dynamics of modernization of the states that emerged and function throughout the post-Soviet space. Underestimation of the sociocultural factors of modernization significantly complicates the adequate expert and scientific assessment of the efficiency of the reforms that are currently being executed.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the phenomenon of modernization and its role in the current political processes. The goal of the article is the substantiation of the possibilities of implementing sociocultural mechanisms aimed at elimination of uncertainty of the transitional period in the post-Soviet societies. The author gives a detailed analysis to the adaptive-pursuant strategy of modernization, which simultaneously requires socialization of the society and establishment of the highly-qualified government structure. Individuals unprepared for changes cannot establish a modern state, and the unprofessional politicians cannot manage sophisticated dynamic processes. This work is based on the specifically devised and scientifically proven sociocultural concept, highlighting precise stages and phases of its realization. A special attention is given to the detection of factors that impede development of the society and formation of the sociocultural model of government. Focus is made on the problem of underestimation of the leading role of science, intellectual capital, and scientific foundation of state policy, without which the institutionalization of the processes is unattainable. An important role played theories of social mobility and social cooperation, as well as four principal standards of the “functional imperatives”: adaptation, targeted orientation, integration, and the theory of Talcott Parsons. Social changes serve as the social reformation of the post-Soviet societies. The author’s contribution into this topic is that the following questions are raised: 1) do the changes carry goal-oriented or spontaneous character (i.e. what is their nature); 2) what are the conditions for changes (basis and resources); 3) what needs to be changed, in what way, and by what means, etc.

Abstract: The advantage of the social and cultural approach to social sciences and humanities is proved by the fact that this approach creates the kind of connection between science and education when scientific theories turn into concrete academic disciplines. This is the main requirement of international educational standards and the key element for increasing the status of social studies and humanities up to the international standards. Within the framework of the proposed model, application of social, scientific and anthropological theories acquire a new scientific and practical significance, meaning and importance. 
In the contemporary history scientific knowledge becomes  the main factor of socioeconomic and sociopolitical development and performs the socializing role of the society. The author of the article gives an insight into Western social and scientific theories and tries to describe the principles of interdisciplinarity. The author notes that there is no common model of interdisciplinarity in existing theories of social studies and humanities and proves that creation of the social and cultural grounds of interdisciplinary of social studies and humanities would be beneficial. The purpose of the article is to describe the interdisciplinary aspects of social studies and humanities and show their practical importance for sociocultural processes, peculiarities of its implementation under the modern conditions, the need for institutionalization of socially important processes, increasing role of interdisciplinarity in the information society, and etc. 
 

Abstract: The modernization character of the modern global processes demands new knowledge, high qualification of state administration. It is a necessary condition for the institutionalization of the modernization processes in all of the sphere of life of the society, participation in the global economic system at the modern basis, implementation of domestic and foreign policy in the interests of society and people.  It is the modernization markers, and not territorial, military or natural resources, that currently define authority, status, prestige and level of development of states.  That is why domestic and foreign policy get more and more closely intertwined, and that is why these problems are directly related to the spread of the modern standards in the various spheres of social life. Without such a domestic policy inclusion of the state into the global modernization processes loses its meaning and gets distorted, and the states themselves lose the status of fully competent participants of international relations.  The social and cultural methodology of the interdisciplinarity introduces the methods of situation analysis, problem diagnostics and forecasting in the sphere of making the model of social and cultural sphere for the future, and participation of society and the state in the modern modernization processes.  The key role is given to the idea - the modernization goal, which  shall form the content-matrix for the course of development of the state and allows to find responses to the questions: what needs changing, how and why it needs changing, what should be achieved, and what the use for the society and necessary period for changes are.  The social and cultural methods of interdisciplinarity serve as instruments for the influence on specific objects, defining the trajectory of their transfer from one status to another and the parameters of their motion towards the goal.

Abstract: The object of studies includes sociological, economic, political, legal and culturological theories and disciplines, methodology of their connections, the social and cultural basis for the interdisciplinarity, its inner and outer structure and specificities of its application in domestic and foreign policy. The issues of security, modernization, socialization, social partnership, social justice, social equality and social well-being of societies and states form an inalienable part of the modern system of international relations. It includes the new rules for the participation of states and their interaction, competition principles, correlation between domestic and foreign policy, modern living standards, mechanisms for establishing the supremacy of the norms of international law, systems of state control, etc. After the 2nd World War international organizations (first of all, the UN) controlled the states based on international law, the specific feature of current situation is that starting from the late XX century this control system was strengthened by the social control mechanisms. Their introduction was due to a number of issues, such as: growing gap between the developed states and the ones falling behind, domination of the interests of the strong states at the international arena, politization of the state policy in the traditional societies, slowing down of the modernization process, weakness of attention towards the modernization challenges, closed character of traditional societies, etc. Therefore, the goal of formation of the mechanisms of international social control is neutralization of the threats to international security and alienation of traditional societies from liberal democratic values, the primary value of human factor and principles of social state. Underestimation at the global level of the specific features of modern image, status and prestige of the state, which are based on social and economic well-being of the people served as prerequisites for the formation of special UN mechanisms in late 1990s, these mechanisms were called indicators and indexes for the evaluation of various spheres of social life - social, economic, political, legal and cultural. These markers define the level of development or underdevelopment of the states, rather than size of their territory or their military potential. This change of paradigms shows the stronger ties between domestic and foreign policies of the state, institutionalization of the processes within the administration system, requiring special attention in the spheres of science and education. The role of connection between science and education is growing, and so does the value of multifeatured studies of the situation, the methods for acquiring rational and constructive information, etc. All of the above is possible only with the use of interdisciplinary approach, which requires the development of methodology, and special education of students as future professionals in the sphere of law, management, economics and international relations. The interdisciplinarity provides fundamental character to the modern science, which is necessary to guarantee the training of the highly qualified professionals, who would be capable of competing with the graduates of the Western higher education institutions.
Application of the methods of interdisciplinarity of social theories and humanities allows to meet the demands of the modern science and education system, to provide a multi-dimensional approach towards the situation. Understanding of the growing value of the interdisciplinarity in the modern situation allows to gain rational and constructive information on various spheres  of life in the society: social, economic, political, legal, cultural. Revealing specific features of the modernization processes allows to uncover challenges and threats to modernization for any society and state within the framework of globalization. Studying the interdisciplinarity principles and expert methods based on these principles allows for finding social and cultural markers for specific objects and processes. Learning the skills of social and cultural interdisciplinarity is aimed at overcoming and termination of problems in various spheres of life in our society, for the correlation of these processes with the modern social living standards. It also allows for the formation of social and cultural model of state development, allowing to improve its image and status in the modern international processes, leading to the change of paradigms of its participation in the international relations, etc.