Abstract: The legislative novels introduce the concept of the object of prosecutor’s supervision in such spheres as supervision over law enforcement and observance of human and civil rights and freedoms. The legislative regulation of the object of prosecutor’s supervision determines the research task - to define the essence and the role of the correct formulation of the object of inspection. The correctly defined subject of prosecutor’s investigation and prosecutor’s supervision over the rights of orphaned children determines, firstly, the effectiveness of supervisory activities of the prosecutor, and secondly, the scientific substantiation and validity of the performed supervision in a certain sphere. The correct definition of the object of prosecutor’s investigation and supervision by public prosecution officers determines the achievement of the goal of effective inspection and supervision. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of dialectical materialism, generalization and analysis, and special scientific method of comparative jurisprudence. The legislatively introduced principle of effective organization of “general” supervision, applied also to the sphere of observance of housing rights of orphaned children, should be taken into account on all stages of supervision, including supervision in the mentioned sphere, and during scientific studies. “General” supervision effectiveness criteria and indexes can be supplemented with such a component as a correctly defined and formulated object of prosecutor’s inspection and supervision.