Abstract: The relevance of referring to the history of establishment of postgraduate education as the scientific personnel training system is substantiated by the attempts of its reforming at the present stage. The object of this research is the establishment of postgraduate education as the system for preparing scientific personnel in the Soviet Union during the late 1920’s – 1930’s. The subject is the legal acts and regulatory documents aimed at maintaining the organization process of the system of postgraduate education. The goal of this work lies in determining the key stages in establishment of postgraduate education in the 1930’s and the role of state-legal mechanism of implementation of this process. The author examines the basic acts and documents that affecter the organization of the system of postgraduate education and the establishment of is regulatory framework; analyzes the documents aimed at resolution of procedural questions regarding the functionality of postgraduate education; considers the legal framework of performance assessment of the scientific personnel and supervision of scientific personnel training through postgraduate education. Methodological apparatus contains the historical-chronological method, analysis and synthesis of the legal and regulatory framework, historiographical analysis, exploration of the published and archival sources. The authors determine the key stages in organization process of preparing the scientific personnel through postgraduate education in the Soviet Union during the 1930’s; trends and mechanism of the legal and regulatory framework of this process during the three different periods (1929-1933; 1934-1938; and 1939-1941). The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the development of postgraduate education within the indicated chronological context has not been previously a separate subject of research.

Abstract: Analysis of peculiarities, mechanisms and instruments of the legal regulation of the food market in England during the first half of the XVIIth century is becoming especially important as the cause of the English Revolution. The object of the research is the food policy of the first Stuarts. The subject of the research is the legal regulation of the meat and live-stock product market during the era of the first Stuarts. The aim of the research is to analyze peculiarities and methods of the legal rellgulation of the food issue practiced by the early Stuarts (the period since 1603 till 1640) based on the example of one of the market segments, i.e. sales of meat and live-stock products. The research targets have been achieved by the historiographic analysis of the documents found in parliament statutes and journals, royal proclamations and other official documents of the English monarchy. The research methodologies include the comparative historical method, analysis and synthesis, and legal regulation analysis. The authors compare the documents published in the era of the reign of James Stuart I and Carl Stuart I. They outline the main trends and mechanisms of the regulation of the internal and external trade of meat and live-stock products. As a result of their research, the authors come to the following conclusions. The main corpus of the legislative acts in the era of the first Stuarts continued the legislative principles of the Tudors. The Stuarts used the old-fashioned feudal methods of the legal regulation of the food market with the reinforced administrative conotrol which hindered the development of free internal and external market. The Stuarts legislation reinforced the position of big monopolies on the food market and hindered the development of the most independent and economically viable social groups.