Abstract: The author examines the complex of problems related to the history and philosophy of science, brings up the topic of the campaign against the “bourgeois pseudo-science” in the Soviet period and the problem of its outcome, which shows up in the methodology of the national science. The author gives a review of the scientific “Mathematics of Harmony” tendency, which originated in the classical scientific paradigm and has found a new perspective in the works of mathematician Stakhov A.P. and researchers, united by him in the foreign states.