Abstract: The subject of this research is the activity of cultural-leisure establishment of the country in tourism sphere. The relevance of this work is substantiated by the priorities of state policy aimed at integrated development of tourism for acquainting citizens with cultural and natural heritage, ensuring economic and sociocultural progress in the Russian regions, growing popularity of educational tourism among Russians, and at the same time, insufficient knowledge of its practices. Studying the practices of educational tourism in the activity of cultural-leisure establishments is the key research objective. The theoretical-methodological foundation contains the set of provisions addressing leisure as a non-formal educational practice. The empirical basis includes the local regulatory acts, performance reports, and questionnaire materials that characterize the activity of cultural-leisure establishments. The conclusion is made on the advantages of educational tourism on the premises of cultural-leisure establishments. Their work of cultural-leisure establishments in tourism sphere allows dedicating more attention to the local culture, history and traditions, consider the interests of various population groups and local society overall, as well as conduct versatile project activities.

Keywords: social tourism, leisure, leisure and educational practices, leisure and educational potential, cultural and leisure institutions, educational tourism, cultural and leisure activities, non-formal education, leisure education, regions

Abstract: The object of this research is the sociopolitical situation. The subject is the methodological aspects of assessing its conflictogenity. Based on the results of studying the structure and relations between the elements of sociopolitical situation, the author sets a goal to determine and substantiate the criteria allowing analyzing the existing social contradictions and assessing their conflictogenity. The theoretical foundation contains the works of assessment methodology for military-political and sociopolitical situation. Special role is assigned to substantiation of the tools for analyzing conflictogenity of sociopolitical situation in society, region and worldwide, as well as determination of the criteria for their characteristic. The article applies the set of methods of systemic analysis – system-component, system-structural, system-functional, and system-evolutionary for logical and neat structuring of the algorithm of assessing conflictogenity of sociopolitical situation. Gnoseological potential of general scientific methods (synthesis and comparison) allows classifying the types of sociopolitical situation and adequately structuring the sequence of assessment of its conflictogenity. The scientific novelty consists in theoretical and practical substantiation of the choice of research methods at each stage of the assessment of conflictogenity of sociopolitical situation. The acquired results lead to a conclusion that each sociopolitical situation is characterized with a number factors, which may escalate tension in relationship between actors of sociopolitical process and generate a conflict.

Keywords: methods of cognition, forecasting, system analysis, socio-political relations, conflict, actor, socio-political situation, society, the stages of analysis, the conflict potential of the situation

Abstract: The article discusses the global processes that lead to fundamental transformations in the field of science and education. Special attention is paid to the global revolution in science that begins with its pivotal globalisation and orientation on the possibilities of transition to sustainable development and consequent noospherogenesis. The article discusses the process of globalisation of education and establishment of a new type of education - a global education, that, from the authors' point of view, originated in the lectures of V. Vernadsky in Moscow University in the beginning of the last century. Pivotal revolutionary changes of global education are expected, which are vectored from its modern forms towards education for sustainable development and formation of noosphere-oriented global education. System, futurological-prognostic, noospheric and other methodological approaches of futurological research have been used, as well as comparative, evolutionary-historical and interdisciplinary general scientific approaches and methods of conceptual modelling. It is stated that on the macro-level there is a top-priority dependency of education upon the integral society, while on the micro-level there is a top-priority substantial dependency upon science. This bilateral dependency of education upon the features and characteristics of the society as a whole, from the one hand, and upon its most important part - science, on the other (which also depends on the whole) demonstrates the "double determination" of evolutionary processes in education. It is stated that education will have to not only be modernised, but also futurised, in some aspects becoming preemptive education, that efficiently paves the way to the desired global and noosphere-wise sustainable future. It is expected that the establishment and evolution of the models and types of global education will be under the supervision of a new type of global research - educational global studies as an interdisciplinary field connecting global studies and educational science.

Keywords: globalisation of education, globalisation of science, global knowledge, global education, educational global studies, global revolution, preemptive education, temporal integrity, sustainable development, futurisation of education

Abstract: The cognition of law is an act of space perception. As a result of cognitive activity appears the image of space.  The cognition of the legal layer of existence creates a specific spatial image that at the same time has something in common with the images of space created by other forms of cognitive activity - mythology and religion.  In this connection we are interested in specific epistemological features and symbolic forms of an image of legal space perception, the elements of its structure, the diversity of images depending on the prevailing method of thinking of the legal system, method of legal regulation, means of representation. Universal - philosophical (epistemological analysis). General scientific - logical methods (induction, deduction, analogies, comparison). Special legal - method of comparative legal studies. The novelty of the study lies in the attempt to generalise and apply the graphical principles of art and the universal mandala symbol to the legal matter. The article formulates the notion of the general symbolic cognitive image of legal space perception and lists its elements. It also classifies the images of legal space perception based on different reasons.

Keywords: mandala, space, image, legal perception, sphere, rhizome, world tree, coordinate system, method of thinking, legal system

Abstract: The subject of this work is the political thinking structure. In the modern world the psychological characteristic of subjectivity as a property of political thinking acquires a new understanding that conditions the relevance of this study. We consider that one of the defining aspects for psychology of political thinking is the position in relation to its content. The author considers in detail the subject political field, in which the political actor (subject in politics), serves as the bearer of certain meanings and senses. Therefore, the subjectivity of political tasks being solved, first of all, is determined by the social-cultural conditions and types of the executed political activity. The system-strategic conception of political thinking, in which it is considered through three components (cognitive, operational, and regulatory-personal), was elaborated and analysed from the anglet of the following properties: subjectivity, practicality, conceptuality, and creativity, which were organized systemically and strategically determined. The subjectivity of thinking is provided by separation of the relevant material by the actor and its inclusion into the corresponding thought forms. Upon the change of content the structure of political thinking also gets rearranged. Not only the sequence of tactics is changed in the system of thinking strategies, but also the content of thinking operations in the structure of tactics. At that some tactics acquire dominant meaning, and the form of thinking action is changed. The complexities emerging in the implementation of the thinking action on the concrete political material, point out the qualitative specificity of the systemic-strategic content of thinking activity and necessity of its substantial rearrangement upon the change of subsubject of the thought.

Keywords: mental action, subobject of thought, subject of politics, political consciousness, political thinking, polysubjectness, subjectivity of political thinking, politics, properties of thinking, notionality

Abstract: This article reveals the possibilities and prospects of reflexive modelling of political actors’ interaction. Today, political scientists have begun to realize more clearly the necessity of regulatory mechanisms of co-existence, which are not based on individualism, but on cooperation, and which allow dynamic transition from conflict to a managed confrontation and cooperation. These mechanisms are primarily focused on the relations between the actors, allowing to describe not only the usefulness of the relationship between political actors, but also the structure of the inner world of political entities. Today we need the formalized theory, which allows us to describe the interaction between actor’s inner worlds and their motives.Reflexive mechanisms offer a theoretical framework for understanding the actor’s relations and their behavior. The main feature of actor’s reflexive model is that the syntax of the model describes the algorithmic meaning of the choice of actor’s behavior, and also contains formal description of the psychological state of the actor during the act.This article confirms the adequacy of the algebraic reflexive theory in modelling of interactions of the actors. The main content of reflection of actors’ relations is for the actor to realize the free choice of relations with another actor on the basis of ethical type of choosing actor’s reflection. In this sense, it is enough to simulate a reflective structure of the political actor to identify the predominant type of its political relations and the psychology of choice in behavior towards others.

Keywords: reflexivity, reflexive game theory, political actor, algebraic research model, political theory, system of values, mathematics in political science, political psychology, ethical systems

Abstract: The object of this study is the process and conditions for the formation of constitutionalism at the supranational level of social relations. The need to understand the process of formation of constitutionalism at the supranational level is due to the fact that the process of constitutional development is to a great extent defi ned by the processes of globalization and denationalization in the conditions when the state remain the main subject of international relations. Taking into account that constitutionalism is a special system defi ning the form of organization and dynamics of the political force in the interactions between state and civil society, the supranational level duplicates this mechanism of constitutionalism formation. It causes problems regarding legitimacy of power, sovereignty of the state and human rights at the national and global levels. The methodology of this study involves systemic approach as a combination of methods and means of multidimensional idea of constitutionalism as a globalization phenomenon. The study defi nes that the problems of formation of constitutionalism at the supranational level are caused by the absence of comprehensive ideological fundamentals for the political and legal associations of autonomous independent formations due to the insuffi cient formation of constitutionalism structures at the global scale. In the modern society the formation of supranational constitutionalism is caused by, fi rstly, the need for the institutional systematization of the development processes in the existing system of international relations in order to form the situation when effi cient political activity catalyzes social change. Secondly, it is due to the need to limit the activities of the existing subjects of political power and to form novel institutions while preserving the sphere of autonomy for states or other subjects. Thirdly, it is necessary in order to complement and strengthen internal constitutional guarantees.

Keywords: Constitutionalism, political system, political power, state, globalization, constitutional order, systemic approach, global order, integrity, civil society.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the grounds for emergency legal regulation. The author shows both the danger of transition from emergency situation to dictator’s authoritarian power and a necessity of legal regulation in extreme situations in order to provide social security. To provide grounds for emergency legal regulation, the author analyzes the ‘state of emergency’ doctrine. The author concludes that emergency legal regulation is a reasonable exceptional measure to overcome social and state security threats. Of course, the emergency law itself is, basically, the violation of ordinary legislation so it can be qualified as a violation of law. On the other hand, the right to commit a violation in an emergency situation is a ‘necessary evil’ creating grounds for restoring order and social security. In this respect, emergency legal regulation is similar to such institutions as the right of self-defense, necessity and reasonable risk. All these cases refer to the exclusion from general rules for the sake of a higher value. At the same time, there is always a risk to go beyond the limits of provided responsibilities and powers and commit a violation. But without such a risk, it would be impossible to guarantee the preservation of values higher than a formal observation of law.

Keywords: emergency legal regulation, emergency situation, emergency law, state of emergency, extraordinary legal regulation, emergency powers, theory of crisis, emergency legal regime, emergency legislation, violation of civil rights.

Abstract: The author explores the definition of political activity and explains its traits and characteristics, and shows the inseverable connection between political activity and political authority. The usage of political authority is a type of political activity. The author offers the analysis and evaluation of the definitions of “political behavior” and “political participation”. Based on this analysis, the author formulates a relevant principle of political development.

Keywords: Political science, politics, political activity, political authority, political life, political development, civil activity, democratic activity