Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of Russia's interaction with key partners in the energy sector after a new round of sanctions pressure from the United States and Western countries. The article hypothesizes that the stability of the Russian fuel and energy sector after the introduction of restrictive measures is associated with the substitution of energy exports to eastern markets. The purpose of the work is to assess the prospects for the development of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions pressure. The author examines such aspects of the topic as: changes in the volume and directions of exports of Russian energy resources, measures taken by Russian companies and the state to circumvent sanctions. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Russia's trade relations with China and India, including the dynamics of oil and gas exports, the impact of secondary sanctions on the business of these countries, and the adaptation of financial mechanisms to continue cooperation. The problems related to the trade balance and the use of national currencies in mutual settlements are also considered. In this paper, the author analyzes Russia's interaction with key partners in the fuel and energy sector through the paradigm of neorealism in the international relations theory. The methodological basis of this work is a problem-chronological scientific approach. The author also applied other general scientific research methods, including induction and deduction, as well as logical construction based on trend extrapolation. The author concluded that Russia has successfully reoriented energy exports to the markets of China and India after a new round of sanctions pressure in 2022. Secondary US sanctions put pressure on Chinese and Indian companies, in connection with which states refuse to conduct some transactions, but this does not lead to a significant decrease in energy supplies from Russia. The development of trade relations with China and India contributes to the preservation of Russian budget revenues from the oil and gas sector. A special contribution of the author is the analysis of adaptation strategies used by Russia, China and India to circumvent sanctions restrictions. The impact of sanctions on financial mechanisms and the trade balance between these countries is also assessed. At the same time, a comprehensive analysis of current and prospective export directions of Russian energy resources in the context of sanctions pressure has been carried out.

Keywords: sales markets, energy, India, China, EU, USA, sanctions, oil, LNG, fuel and energy complex

Abstract: The subject of this article is the model of educational-pedagogical activity in political-legal sphere, which takes into consideration the research data on optimization of educational process in this field. The author outlines the parameters that impact the effectiveness of implementation of the model of educational-pedagogical activity in political-legal sphere. It is substantiated by the fact that the content of education gives knowledge and experience, which promote civic and social activism. The researchers widely acknowledge that education serves as the engine of economic growth due to accumulation of human capital; education is also closely related with the increase of social capital as a result of the advancement of education. The author comes to the conclusion that the formation of students’ attitude towards political-legal sphere is based on the logical interrelatedness of the indicated components. It is worth noting that each structural component, which affects the formation of attitude towards political-legal sphere, depends on the particular activity of the subjects involved, including the peculiarities of organization of educational space and competence of pedagogues. The author underlines that engagement in extracurricular activities has a positive impact upon all aspects of the organization of educational process in political-legal sphere, except for the intention to participate in civic activity, which is assessed by attending organizational meetings.

Keywords: civic position, political education, political activity, educational model, political and legal sphere, society, the state, political pedagogy, law, politics

Abstract: This article is aimed at the analysis of social and economic consequences on the novel COVID-19 in Brazil. Brazil has faced multiple problems in fighting pandemic that negatively affected millions of people around the world. The goal of this research lies in determination of the problems that were illuminated by the pandemic in Brazilian society. Analysis is conducted on the consequence of pandemic for Brazil, namely with regards to minorities that rely on the government aid, and the system of public healthcare overall. The article also indicates the mistakes made by the current authorities during pandemic, when due to lack of organization, multiple institutions could not render basic help to reduce the consequences of the chaotic situation faced by the country. As the largest country in South America, Brazil struggled the most in the region; therefore, studying the impact of COVID-19 upon the socioeconomic system of the country is a relevant topic. The article explores the official database and media materials to acquire information on the responsive measures of the government in such sectors as employment, education and healthcare. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive analysis of information that demonstrate the impact of pandemic upon the lives of millions of people in Brazil.

Keywords: Health Care, Latin America, Crisis, Employment, Politics, Education, Pandemic, Coronavirus, Brazil, Effects

Abstract: This article demonstrates the results of study of the relevant experience of Netherlands with regards to management of scientific development. The subject of analysis is the valuable practices applicable for transfer. It appears that the search of effective balance of the instruments of national scientific policy can and should take into account experience of the countries, which have undergone such stages that are currently getting adapted by the Russian Federation, since the mistakes of others help to avoid the irrational use of resources. In particular, there has established the idea of counterproductivity of managerialistic approaches, when the main criterion of management efficiency becomes the maximum reduction in response time of the managed system. It is underlined that the experience of Netherlands may be useful for the Russian Federation as an example of successful involvement of the entire society and the key stakeholders into determination of the priorities of “scientific agenda” alongside the priorities of scientific and technological development. Special attention is given to the Dutch principles for assessing the efficiency of scientific research that suggest shifting the emphasis from the formal scientometric indicators to consideration of social importance of the acquired results.

Keywords: Agile Project Management, New Public Management, Dirigisme, Managerialism, Science Management, Science Policy, Science, Netherlands, Societal Relevance, Research Quality

Abstract: Leaning on the systemic approach, the author conducts the analysis of the changes taking place in our society with regards to the stages of the development of thinking process. The conclusion is substantiated that the state of society is defined by the level of reasonableness of those who dominate therein; while the inconsistencies and instability is a result of their inadequateness.

Keywords: Political science, Thinking process, Perceptions, Dualism, Hierarchy, Unity, Verity, Adequateness, Worldview, Politics

Abstract: The object of this research is the processes of socioeconomic cooperation of Russia and China at the present stage. The subject is the peculiarities of socioeconomic cooperation of the bordering regions of the Russian Far East and Northeast China under the current circumstances. In the course of this research the author examines the works of the foreign, Chinese and Russian scholars in the area of sociology and political science. The goal is to study the socioeconomic problems in Russia-China cooperation. Special attention is given to the integration of Russian regions into the Asia-Pacific Region. The author meticulously reviews such aspects as the socioeconomic situation of both countries, focusing on cooperation between them and providing recommendation on increasing the living standards of the population. The scientific novelty lies in the authorial formulation of an important paradigm of China-Russia cooperation, which will result in a beneficial cooperation. The drawn conclusions form the specific measures aimed at further development of the Russian Far East as a transboundary region capable of taking the country onto the new level of relationship with the countries of the most rapidly developing region of the world. The author determines the key characteristics of the integration process of Russia into the Asia-Pacific space, as well as gives recommendations on improving the investment climate in the Russian Far East.

Keywords: social policy, Far East, interaction, cooperation, Russia, China, The Asia-Pacific region, Human Development Index, Jeanie's coefficient, Coefficient of funds

Abstract: The question of literacy in modern Russian society holds a special place due to appearance of the new processes and phenomena in the sphere of education, as well as lack of their study. It is referred to the increase of requirements to the level and quality of the obtainable knowledge and skills of their practical application. Examination of the problem at hand allows determining the role of multi-literacy as social value and factor of social development. Based on the results of representative sociological survey, the article analyzes the attitude of the Russians to the presently existing state system of education as well as characterizes the practices of self-education and additional education. The theoretical-methodological base includes the complex of regulations focused on the activeness and motivation of students, individual preferences, and practical purposefulness of educational programs. It is demonstrated that despite the high level of reading and mathematical literacy, there exists a problem of functional literacy, particularly the low skills in solving the tasks. A conclusion is made that the distribution of multi-literacy considerably depends on the level of engagement of population in practices of self-education and additional education.  

Keywords: self-education, education, educational inequality, multi-literacy, skills, literacy, social development, sociology of education, additional education, educational practices

Abstract: The subject of this research is the dependence of the Unified State Examination results in the system of school education from the level of socioeconomic development of the regions. The study demonstrated that the accommodation of education requirements of the students is affected not only by the level of socioeconomic development of the region, but also other factors, among which are the natural, climatic, demographic, social and national specificities of regional development, extended infrastructure, and system of education in general. Inequality in presence and level of development of the indicated factors leads to inequality of accommodation of educational requirements of the schoolers, youth, and older generation in the regions. The alignment of the level of regional development as the basis for ensuring equality of educational opportunities for the population is the task of the state educational policy of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty is defined by application of the complex methodology in analyzing the correlations between the indexes of satisfaction of educational requirements (based on the results of unified exam) and socioeconomic capabilities of the Russian regions, attraction of the ethno-sociological material that characterizes the peculiarities of ethnocultural and ethnopsychological development of ethnic groups populating the autonomies of the Russian Federation, comparing these regions with the central part of Russia.

Keywords: alignment of the level of development, quality of life, comprehensive schools, unified state examination, social and economic development, educational requirements, Russian Federation, educational policy, ethnocultural features, unequal opportunities of satisfaction

Abstract: The subject of this article is the phenomenon of humanitarian security. The author examines its evolution, theoretical implications, and practical implementation on the empirical material of the European Union. Hypothesis of this work consists in the fact that EU due to the reason of normative character of its political essence in foreign policy strategy and solving the domestic issues and crises, first and foremost focuses on the policy of humanitarian security. The author argues that humanitarian security has a significant potential for development of the political narratives of the European Union. The principles of humanitarian security are considered in the EU official documents, works of the European experts, as well as EU foreign policy in the area of security and development. The author comes to a conclusion that in various interpretations, the main content of the humanitarian security concepts lies in concentrating attention on the individual as the prime object of security. Such approach has become the standard of policy, marker for the European diplomacy and Common Security and Defense Policy. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the EU policy through the prism of ensuring humanitarian security becomes the subject of special political analysis in the national science for the first time.

Keywords: fragile states index, human development index, UNDP, UN, ESDP, CSDP, human security, European Union, liberalism, security

Abstract: The topic of preservation of national identity gradually becomes central in life of the modern France. Emmanuel Macron during the presidency campaign of 2017 drew a veil over this subject, having no desire to play in field of his major adversary – the leader of National Front Marine Le Pen. However, considering the importance of the problem and heightened attention of mass media towards her, throughout his presidency will be forced to clearly formulate his position and conduct national and religious policy. The article analyzes the situation established after the presidential and parliamentary elections of 2017 in France, as well as the first decisions adopted by Emmanuel Macron as a President of France. The author comes to a conclusion that Macron’s policy pertinent to the question of preservation of national identity will gradually approach the ideas of the moderate right-wing parties  and movements, and take its place between the well-known legal concepts: “unhappy identity” of Alain Finkielkraut and “happy identity” of Alain Juppé.

Keywords: Marine Le Pen, French Fifth Republic, Macron, France, Multiculturalism, Integration, Islam, Identity, Alain Finkielkraut, Alain Juppé

Abstract: The subject of this research is the consequences and factors of aging in social policy in the United States, China, and Russia. The authors discuss in detail such aspects of the topic, as the consequences of aging in the countries and their impact upon their social policy. The authors emphasize that aging is accompanied by the active social policy in the United States, selective approach in China, and the lack of funding in Russia, in which over the recent time, can be seen a positive dynamics in resolving the problems of the elderly. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that basing on acquired data the comparative analysis, the authors identified a variety of structures and forms of implementation of social policy with regards to the elderly in the United States, China, and Russia.  Among the main conclusions are the following statements:   1. The level of socio-economic and political development, national-cultural alongside the demographic, and urban factors affect the peculiarities of social policy of the countries;   2. There are priorities in social policy of demographic aging, which take into account the heterogeneity of the older age groups, development of the traditional and new forms of protection and services, as well as national and ekistical specificity.  

Keywords: social and economic consequences, Russia, China, USA, social policy, demographic aging, ageing crisis, socio-political process, current problems, state

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the relevant issues and contradictions with realization of the state youth policy in the Russian Federation. The author argues the role of state and social institutional actors as the leading subjects of implementation of the state youth policy. The specificities of establishment of the national state youth policy during the course of reformation of the preceding institutional structures are being structured. The work generalizes the questions of differentiation of sponsorship of the youth policy, as well as systematizes the contradictions with its implementation. The author determines the key factors that impede the development of creative potential of the youth in realization of state youth policy, as well as attempts to detect the main problems and contradictions in the Russian state youth policy for the purpose of improving the methodology, methods, technologies, and techniques of its implementation. The conducted analysis allowed revealing the five main contradictions of the Russian model of state youth policy: between youth policy and age; state youth policy and nongovernmental youth policy; normative legal support of state youth policy; resources and effectiveness of the state youth policy; modernization doctrine of state youth policy of the Russian Federation and situation of post-modernity.

Keywords: Demography, Unemployment, Network structures, National security, Effectiveness of youth policy, Post-modernity, Youth age, Youth, Strategy of youth policy, State youth policy

Abstract:   This article presents the specificity of the main models of interaction between the government and private sectors – pluralistic and neo-corporatist. The author also examines the key characteristics of the established in the XX century in South Korea and Japan “oligarchic corporatism”, considering the political and cultural traditions. The work highlights the peculiarities of formation of the institution of intersectoral partnership in the countries in question from the perspective of implementation of the Anglo-Saxon and European-continental experience of realization of the projects, as well as the importance of application of South Korean and Japanese experience in establishment and development of the public-private partnership phenomenon in the Russian Federation. The fundamental components of the reviewed models of cooperation are emphasized. Using the comparative-historical method, the author analyzes the establishment of the institution of public-private partnership in South Korea and Japan. The main conclusion consists in determination of the high role of public sector in development of the collaboration project, the confirmation of which was detected in the foreign and Russian studies on this matter. The author underlines the necessity for a more in-depth research of the positive political-legal conjuncture of implementation of the public-private partnership in South Korea and Japan for the purpose of approbation of the results in the Russian political-economic system, which in turn, is also an object of detailed examination within the framework of revelation of the main political-institutional factors of formation of potential of the projects of intersectoral cooperation.    

Keywords: quasi-corporations, neo-corporatism, pluralist model, models of interaction, public-private partnership, business-structures, state, intersectoral collaboration, chaebol, zaibatsu

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of geopolitical problems from the position of geopolitics, as well as the norms of international law. Special attention is given to the questions necessary for understanding the problems of interaction between geopolitics and international law: notion and concept of geopolitics; factors affecting geopolitics, such as geographical factors, loyalty of population, and struggle for the resources with consideration of the requirements of the norms of international law. The author also analyzes the various geopolitical strategies and suggests using the new methods of the analysis of geopolitical strategies, such as formal political analysis and comparative political analysis of geopolitical strategies. The analysis of the notion “geopolitics”, as well as the analysis of the principles and factors affecting geopolitics, conducted considering the norms of international law, comprises the basis of methodology of this research. The author concludes the geopolitics is a science that studies the regularities of one or other political strategies, including the regularities of their choice, and factors influencing them. Among the main factors that affect the choice of a geopolitical strategy are the following: geographical factors, including the problem of borders; loyalty of population; necessity of struggle for resources; and the norms of international law. Using the specific examples of Kosovo and Ukrainian crisis, the author demonstrates that the norms of international law in choosing one or another strategy would be upheld only under the conditions when the value of upholding the norms of international law supersedes the value of their violation. The article also presents the key methods of the analysis of geopolitical strategies.  

Keywords: comparative analysis, principles of international law, geopolitical principles, geopolitical strategy, principles, law, geopolitics, political rationalism, geopolitical confrontation, international cooperation

Abstract: The subject of this research is the prevention, alleviation, and reduction of poverty realized within the framework of state strategies. The author examines such aspects of the topic as: anti-poverty measures, including from the charitable perspective; provision of social equality and human rights; types of poverty common among population. A special attention is given to the approaches towards the implementation of state policy, as well as private foundations aimed at reducing poverty. The author’s contribution into this research consists in formulation of the solutions to the problems pertaining to absolute and relative poverty; determination of main directions of state policy on the “fight” against poverty encouraging eradication of poverty in the countries of Africa, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and People’s Republic of China. The scientific novelty lies in the fact, that the eradication of poverty is impossible through charitable and alternative altruistic approaches.

Keywords: Alleviation of poverty, Prevention of poverty, Deprivation of poverty, State policy, Reduction of poverty, Charity, Absolute poverty, Relative poverty, Human rights, Economic measures

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the antiterrorist strategy as a mean of enforcing the USA political domination in terms of security enforcement in Russia and Eurasian Zone. The researcher substantiates the dependence of external political processes aimed at antiterrorist measures in different regions of the world on achieving geostrategic interests of America. O. Repinskaya also views the tendencies towards development of democratic transformations and growth of terrorist activity in the post-Soviet territory in terms of strengthening the policy of Russia. The author analyzes possible prospects for the development of the political process in the light of the implementation of provisions of US Law No. 22777 ‘Russian Aggression Prevention Act of 2014’. The research methodology includes general scientifi c methods of research as well as special methods such as sociological, behavioral, comparative law, statistical and historical analysis and etc. The scientifi c novelty of the research is proved by: – the substantiation f the dependence of the US antiterrorist policy directions on the tasks of enforcing the political domination of the USA; – the discovery of the relation between the strengthening Russia’s position and the rise of terrorist activity in the territory near the areas of geostrategic interests of the USA; – the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the cooperation in the Eurasian territory for the purpose of anti-terrorist security.

Keywords: Terrorism, security, anti-terrorist strategy, political domination, anti-terrorist cooperation, USA, Russia, Eurasian Union, European Union, Ukraine.

Abstract: Issues related to establishment and implementation of state agricultural policy in animal breeding are not suffi ciently studied by politics. Intricate relations between agricultural policy and one of the main segments of the agricultural sector are of particular interest not only to scientists but also to the political actors acting in the sphere of agricultural relations as well as to the agricultural goods producers and the entire population of our country. Effective infl uence of the state on animal breeding is in many ways conditioned by the level of perception of political decisions by the primary production. However, effi ciency and sustainability of this sector cannot be achieved without smart, purposeful, coherent and competent policy conducted by the state in the agricultural sphere. General scientifi c and special research methods (such as analysis, synthesis, systems approach, comparative and historical methods, the method of involved observation and etc.) allow to defi ne the most topical issues arising in the process of establishment and implementation of the agricultural state policy in the sphere of animal breeding as well as to offer certain solutions of these issues. For the fi rst time in scientifi c literature the author describes the problems related to increasing effi ciency of establishment and implementation of state agricultural policy in a socially important sub-branch of agriculture, animal breeding. The author also gives her suggestions on how to solve these issues and defi nes the interdependence between the quality of the above mentioned policy and the level of effi ciency and sustainability of Russian animal breeding in this day and age.

Keywords: animal breeding, nature, agricultural, state, politics, actor, effi ciency, objective, priority, purpose.

Abstract: The purpose of the present article is to provide a description of modern political situation the Central Asia by defi ning the tendencies and patterns of implementation of foreign policies by Russia, China and one of the Central Asian states, Kyrgyzstan. The target of research is to study the political situation in the Central Asia in the modern period. The subject matter of research is to study interests and aspirations of Russia, People’s Republic of China and Kyrgyzstan in the Central Asian region. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union and temporary leave of Russia from the Central Asian region, the gap in political infl uence was fi lled in by the alternative actors – PRC, USA, EU, Turkey, Persian Gulf countries and even Iran. Noteworthy that the Central Asia started to play a very important role in the foreign policy of developed countries (not members of the CIS). The interest of foreign states towards the Central Asian countries is mostly caused by their desire to get access to rich strategic mineral and energetic resources of the Central Asian countries such as uranium, gold, oil and natural gas and involve the Central Asian countries into the unifi ed international transport infrastructure as the bridge connecting European countries with rapidly growing economic systems of the East Asia (China, Republic of Korea and Japan) and South Asia (Iran, Pakistan and India).

Keywords: Central Asia, CIS, Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, politics, society, international relations, integration, economy.

Abstract: Today we are facing the need in increasing the efficiency of state agrarian policy. Solution of this task requires objectivation of the subjective in state agrarian policy, i.e. reduction of objective legal decisions into nature-based actions of all actors in agropolitical relations. Practical examples of establishment and implementation of state decisions in the agrarian sphere demonstrate that there are certain grounds for raising the question about objectivation of the subjective in activities by political actors. Subjectivism of Russia’s state agrarian policy has a negative impact on agriculture. It leads to actual economic losses and negative social consequences and it is the cause of ungrounded decisions to give state support to agrarian branches of manufacture which promotes economic dependency and immobilize healthy economic management. The tendency towards the loss of natural independence of agrarian manufacture must be overcome and eliminated and the state policy must be aimed at returning the political prestige and efficient usage of underestimated natural resources of agriculture. The article is based on general philosophical methods of research as well as the system approach to complicated natural and social phenomena. The scientific novelty of this research is the following: 1. The question about objectivation of the subjective in the agrarian policy has been raised for the first time in political studies. 2. The researcher offers her own approach to solution of the aforesaid problem. 3. The author also offers a mechanism of reduction of subjective legal decisions into nature-based actions of all participants in agropolitical relations.

Keywords: state institution, politics, agrarian, economics, manufacture, nature, reduction, objectivation, subjective, science.

Abstract: Agricultural policy of the Russian Federation is not so effective in the sphere of plant growing unfortunately. One of the most important factors that have a negative impact on formation and implementation of state policy in this branch of agricultural economy is the systematic ignorance of the nature infl uencing each element of the aforesaid policy. The author of the article proves that nature should be taken into account when forming and implementing agricultural policy. In its turn, good agricultural policy contributes to effi cient and sustainable agricultural production. Current political solutions and regulatory acts devoted to agricultural development are not systematic. They are taken into account only when there is an unfavorable situation in the agricultural sector. These acts and solutions rarely consider the infl uence of natural forces on the process of plant growing and even more rarely they consider the infl uence of human himself as a natural agricultural worker. This leads to nihilism and mistrust of agricultural producers towards state agricultural policy.

Keywords: plant growing, nature, agricultural, state, politics, actor, effi ciency, objective, priority, purpose.

Abstract: Economic management in the country-side showed that the right of ownership to the land could not make a land master out of a peasant and create legal grounds for protecting his natural rights. The main reason for that was the absence of a conceptual approach and, consequently, low significance of land use right and its political grounds. Based on the studies of the experience of agricultural land use in the agrarian sector and common practice of state influence on land relations, the author of the article offers such a conception. The main idea is that the agricultural land-use right must prevail over the rights of possession and disposal because the latter two did not provide rational land use and achievement of a sustainable agricultural production. The given conception can be used as the basis for a new state agrarian policy of Russia aimed at covering gaps in agriculture and agro-industrial sector.

Keywords: conception, land use, state institution, politics, regulation, production, efficiency, sustainability, science, law.