Methods of teaching shooting in fire training classes in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

Blagodatin Anatoly Borisovich PhD in Law Head of the Department; Department of Fire Training; Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 603037, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod, Tsiolkovsky str., 7, sq. 31 Salary25@yandex.ru Logachev Oleg Vladimirovich Associate Professor; Department of Fire Training; Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 603051, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod, microdistrict 6, 25, sq. 25 Logachev66@list.ru

Urakov Dmitrii Igorevich PhD in Law Associate Professor; Department of Fire Training; Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 603093, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Nizhny Novgorod, Rodionova str., 43, sq. 61 kafedraognevoy52@gmail.com

introduction

Compared to other types of human activities, the work of police officers is the most dangerous and difficult. This specificity of the service is determined by a high level of neuropsychological tension. One of the duties of a law enforcement officer's official activity is the use of firearms.

Methodological approaches to shooting training in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are a set of various strategies and techniques aimed at developing the necessary skills and abilities of trainees. These approaches are based on modern scientific research in the field of pedagogy and psychology (Afanasyev A.V., Glubokiy V.A., Ivanov D.I., Konstantinov V.N., Medvedev A.V., Noskov M.D., Shakhov V.V., Gorin R.P., Koryakovtsev V.N., Truschenkova I.G.), as well as on practical the work of teachers in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Historical and pedagogical research in this field contributes to the development of the necessary scientific and theoretical base, on the basis of which modern problems are comprehended, new scientific theories are developed and the forecasting function is significantly expanded (scientific generalization, abstraction and idealization). Therefore, in the context of improving the professional education system of law enforcement officers, the importance of these studies cannot be overestimated ^[1].

The history of shooting training in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is an important part of the overall history of the country's law enforcement agencies. Since its foundation, the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has gone through many changes, adapting to the new conditions and requirements that were imposed on employees. Shooting training, as an integral part of employee training, has its roots in various historical periods, reflecting both the development of technology and changing approaches to public safety.

On October 28, 1917, the NKVD decided to establish a workers' militia. The resolution of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR "On the workers' Militia" was based on V.I. Lenin's concept of an armed people – workers and peasants who must protect the state order.

In the 1920s and 1930s, when developing the content of education in general, the professional education of police officers also underwent changes and consisted in special training of personnel in the field of outdoor and administrative service and the expansion of teaching staff. In this regard, in the mid-20s of the last century, targeted shooting was taught in the framework of education according to the method of A.A. Smirnsky ^[1].

During the shooting training, attention was paid not only to shooting, but also to combat tactics. The staff took intensive courses, including both theoretical classes and practical training at shooting ranges. An important aspect of the training was the use of various types of weapons, which allowed employees to be prepared for any situation.

In the 1940s and 1960s, the number of specialized secondary vocational education institutions increased. Shooting training also underwent changes due to the adoption of the Makarov 9 mm pistol by the army and law enforcement agencies in 1951.

In the period from 1960 to 1991, the process of reforming and internal reorganization of law enforcement agencies in the country did not stop, which led to organizational and functional instability. In the 60s of the last century, the main task of the police was to combat crime and maintain law and order with the active assistance of the civilian population. In the period from the 1970s to the 1980s, the focus of police officers shifted to crime prevention and close interaction with the public.

Since the 1990s, after the collapse of the USSR, the shooting training system in departmental police training institutions has undergone significant changes. During this period, cooperation with international organizations and the exchange of experience with foreign colleagues began, including in the framework of training law enforcement officers. New approaches to training based on modern methods of combat and the use of weapons have begun to be introduced.

At the present stage, the process of shooting training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia continues to undergo changes. However, not all the necessary training tools and methods are integrated into the work programs in the discipline of "Fire training".

Analyzing the process of shooting training for employees in foreign countries, in particular in the United States, it can be seen that small arms fire training is organized using proven and effective training methods, taking into account changes in the conditions and tactics of combat operations of units for various purposes; it is carried out using modern electronic training complexes; psychology and motivation of the shooter, shooting efficiency and others are being researched and improved at the Scientific Research Institute of Behaviorism and Social Sciences, the results of the research are integrated into the learning process ^[7].

Based on the analysis of foreign experience, several key recommendations can be identified that may be useful for improving the shooting training system for law enforcement officers in our country.:

1. The use of modern technologies, such as simulators, virtual reality, and electronic SKATT-type simulators, can significantly increase the level of employee training;

2. The shooting training methodology requires regular updating of the training program. This requires constant analysis and adaptation of existing methods, as well as the introduction of new approaches based on the best practices of both our country and foreign countries.

Effective teaching methods should take into account the individual characteristics of each student, his level of training, as well as the specific conditions in which he will have to use firearms (under conditions of increased stress). It is important that the learning process is maximally adapted to the real conditions that employees may encounter in the course of their professional activities.

The practical aspects of shooting training also play an important role in employee training, helping to consolidate theoretical knowledge and improve the skills necessary for effective shooting. It is important that practical exercises are conducted in conditions as close as possible to real ones in order to adapt cadets to various shooting situations and make the right decisions under stress.

Evaluating the results of shooting training is the final stage in the training process. It allows not only to determine the level of assimilation of knowledge and skills, but also to identify weaknesses in learning, which, in turn, makes it possible to make necessary adjustments to the methodology and organization of the educational process. The assessment should be comprehensive and take into account all aspects of learning, as well as the psychological characteristics of the trainees.

The relevance of the study is due to the growing requirements for professional training of law enforcement officers in a modern society where firearms skills are becoming critically important for personal and public safety. In the light of new challenges and threats related to criminal activity and terrorist acts, it is necessary to develop effective methods for shooting training that help to increase the level of training of future specialists and improve the organization of classes in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The object of the research is the process of shooting training in the context of the training of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the subject is methodological approaches and practical aspects that contribute to the effective mastery of shooting skills.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development and implementation of an integrated approach to the shooting training system in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, in particular, the use of physical and psychological training methods, as well as the use of electronic SKATT-type simulators, in order to provide high-quality training for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the field of firearms practice. Based on the results of the study, the authors proposed changes to the existing work programs in the academic discipline "Fire training".

METHODOLOGY

The purpose of the article is to develop an effective method of training cadets to improve the quality of shooting training for cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, due to the fact that this skill is one of the key ones in their professional training.

The research used methods of comparative analysis, observation, synthesis, deduction, survey, questionnaire and others. The survey was attended by 109 students from the 1st to 4th courses of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

results

The basics of shooting in fire training are an essential aspect of the training of law enforcement officers, since effective possession of firearms is an integral part of their professional activities. Currently, fire training classes, that is, shooting training, are carried out in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated 11/23/2017 No. 880 (ed. dated 01/25/2021) "On approval of the Manual on the organization of fire training in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation", which reflects the basic concepts of fire training, as well as rules, requirements, restrictions and prohibitions.

During the survey, it was possible to establish the following:

1. 76% of respondents reported that they do not have enough classes on electronic simulators of the "SKATE" type;

2. 53% of respondents reported that classes are of the same type, that is, a semester consists of blocks (theoretical training, technical and tactical training, practical training), psychological and physical training are integrated into the educational process only casually, usually on the initiative of the teacher himself;

3. 73% reported that they had never attended a fire training class that provided physical training;

4. 78% reported that they had never attended a fire training class that provided psychological training;

5. 60% of the respondents lack competitive shooting or speed shooting;

6. 53% of the cadets reported that they lacked individual work with a teacher.

Based on the results of the data obtained, analyzing the content of the working disciplines of the discipline "Fire training", it was found that this discipline provides 432 hours, within which it is devoted to: theoretical training – 42 hours (9%); technical and tactical training – 68 hours (15%); practical training – 174 hours (40%); self–study - 156 hours (36%).

conclusions

Thus, within the framework of the conducted research, the authors put forward the following conclusions and recommendations:

1. shooting training is provided only within the framework of technical, tactical, and theoretical types of training. Shooting is not only a physical process, but also a complex skill that requires high concentration, precision, and the ability to make quick decisions and act under stress. In the framework of fire training in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, special attention is paid to the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of shooting, however, the psychological aspects of training and physical training in shooting are touched upon to a small extent.

Of course, at the initial stage of shooting training, it is important to develop special shooting qualities through shooting exercises, i.e. motor actions aimed at forming the technique of accurate shooting, developing the necessary physical qualities and personality traits, organized according to the patterns of these processes ^[5]. Also, improve descent handling, aiming, and stance. However, in the subsequent learning process, according to the authors, it is necessary to integrate psychological (stress tolerance, confidence) and physical (endurance, stability, speed, strength) training.

Since good physical fitness allows you to develop coordination of movements when shooting, hold a weapon for a long period of time and make accurate shots, it reduces fatigue during long static training sessions when working with weapons. The advantages of physical training in shooting training include: rapid shooting training, accuracy of a shot, increased shooting speed, and reduced fatigue.;

2. the absence or low use of modern technologies in the learning process. In recent years, shooting simulators and other high-tech devices have been actively introduced in fire training, which allow cadets to practice their skills in conditions as close as possible to real ones or help identify shooting errors. Such technologies help not only to improve the quality of training, but also to increase the level of safety, as they avoid the use of ammunition in training sessions. An example is the SKATT simulator. The use of which is carried out, as a rule, on the initiative of the teacher. In most cases, the topic of "Shooting practice on an electronic simulator" is missing from the work programs, which is a significant omission in the modern world.;

3. a small allocation of time for fire training classes, which affects the effectiveness of an individual approach. Due to the different assimilation of the material by the cadets, teachers need more time to study;

4. The use of high-speed shooting with elements of competitive activity in training sessions will contribute to improving the level of professional development. However, the possibility of improving the skills of a police officer is determined by identifying ways and directions on the basis of which classes should be conducted ^[6];

5. The use of template exercises that are "addictive" to the psyche and other body systems of the trainees. For the most part, teachers conduct training sessions based on work programs and methodological materials. Lack of a creative and innovative approach to the learning process;

6. Each semester of the educational process should include competitive or control-type classes with constant changes in the requirements for performing shooting exercises (limiting time, visibility or space, reducing the target, increasing the distance, etc.). These requirements are necessary for stress tolerance and reaction training.

In this regard, we propose to add topics to the work program on the discipline "Fire training", including physical and psychological types of training, the use of an electronic simulator of the "SKATE" type. An approximate thematic plan for the discipline is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Structure and content of the discipline

Thematic plan

full-time education

Thus, it follows that at present there is a problem of the effectiveness of shooting training for cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, in particular, the lack of practical training in physical and psychological types of training, the low use of electronic SKATT-type simulators, the lack of time for teachers to integrate an individual hike to cadets as part of training sessions, and consultations. The proposed recommendations, according to the authors, are able to make changes in the learning process and improve the effectiveness of shooting training. Because it is worth remembering that the skill of handling weapons in modern realities is relevant, especially for law enforcement officers. The effectiveness of rifle training requires an integrated approach to training.

The results of this study can serve as a basis for further developments in the field of shooting training, as well as for the creation of new methodological recommendations aimed at improving the quality of training. It is important to continue to explore and analyze existing approaches, adapting them to changing conditions and requirements, which will ensure a high level of training for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and, as a result, improve security in the country as a whole.