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Psychology and Psychotechnics
Reference:

Comparative analysis of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and non-boxing female university students

Druzhinin Oleg Aleksandrovich

ORCID: 0000-0003-3365-4302

Postgraduate student of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen

191186, Russia, Leningrad region, Saint Petersburg, nab. Moika River, 48

oleg.a.druzhinin@gmail.com
Other publications by this author
 

 
Efimova Viktoriya Leonidovna

ORCID: 0000-0001-7029-9317

Doctor of Psychology

Professor, Department of Developmental Pedagogy and Family Psychology, Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Herzen

191186, Russia, Leningrad region, Saint Petersburg, nab. Moika River, 48

prefish@ya.ru
Yakubova Guzal Asatulaevna

ORCID: 0009-0009-9556-7168

Doctor of Psychology

Professor at the Department of Psychology, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami

Bunyodkor str., 27, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan, 100161

maryam_17@bk.ru
Rasulov Elshod Yunusovich

ORCID: 0009-0006-5937-931X

Teacher of the of high-altitude and physical training, Specialized training center of the National Guard of Uzbekistan

40 Khalka Yuli str., Tashkent region, Uzbekistan, 100099

boxing-uzb@mail.ru

DOI:

10.7256/2454-0722.2024.1.69929

EDN:

SJDTJU

Received:

21-02-2024


Published:

29-02-2024


Abstract: The subject of the study is sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and not boxers female university students. The study involved 20 female athletes who are members of the Uzbek national boxing team and 46 female students of the pedagogical university who are not engaged in boxing. Sensorimotor tests were performed on high-precision analog equipment. The study consisted of 6 tests. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Python programming language. Female boxers showed significantly higher results in instrumental tests evaluating motor responses to auditory and visual stimuli. The advantage of the athletes was manifested in both simple and complex sensorimotor reactions. Female athletes showed a shorter reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli, both in simple and complex sensorimotor tests: more target reactions to a moving object; more of target reactions under time constraints in a dynamic test; higher endurance of the nervous system during the tapping test. The high quality of sensorimotor reactions is a prerequisite for the success of athletes in female boxing. Sensorimotor tests are considered cognitive, so the results of the study show a high cognitive potential of female athletes. The results of sensorimotor tests are related to the quality of executive functions, including memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. A comparative analysis of the sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and female students using instrumental diagnostic methods was carried out for the first time. The data obtained complement the understanding of the relationship between human motor and cognitive development. A high level of development of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions contributes to success, both in sports and other activities. Playing sports can contribute not only to the physical development of a person, but also increase his cognitive potential.


Keywords:

sensorimotor tests, reaction time, boxing, female's boxing, cognitive abilities, executive functions, sports, cognitive flexibility, memory, inhibitory control

This article is automatically translated.

 

Introduction.

It is known that the results of sensorimotor tests evaluating reaction time can predict the success of athletes in various sports. Reaction time is especially important for contact sports: during combat, athletes need to respond quickly to a variety of stimuli in conditions of time deficit [18].

 

At the same time, there are a number of studies of sensorimotor reactions that are not related to sports. These studies show the relationship between the results of sensorimotor tests and the level of intelligence [16,20].

 

In her monograph, N. I. Chuprikova explains this connection by saying that intelligence is the ability to quickly extract selective invariants from the flow of information. It is this ability that is evaluated by complex sensorimotor tests [11].

 

The possibility of using sensorimotor tests to assess intelligence was also pointed out by G.Y. Aizenk [1].

 

Thus, not only the level of athletic training, but also the cognitive potential of a person can be determined using sensorimotor tests. That is why this study compared the results of sensorimotor tests of female athletes and university students.

 

Modern science recognizes the mutual influence of physical and cognitive development of a person, and sensorimotor tests are a kind of bridge that allows us to establish a link between the level of development of motor and cognitive abilities of an athlete. Instrumental assessment of reaction time in sensorimotor tests provides an opportunity for quantitative analysis of the impact of various types of sports training on the development of not only motor and coordination qualities of a person, but also cognitive abilities [12].

Currently, boxing is actively developing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The large-scale state program was initiated by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated 04/29/2021, No. PP-5099 "On measures for the further development of boxing".

However, the problem of the influence of this sport on the development of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers has not been sufficiently developed.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of instrumental sensorimotor tests of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing.

 

The methodology.

The study was conducted in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the city of Angren, Tashkent region, on the basis of the Boxing Federation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in the laboratory of psychophysiology of the Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami.

66 girls participated in the study. Group 1 consisted of 20 female athletes engaged in boxing. All athletes are high-level boxers, among them champions and prize-winners of Asia, major international tournaments and competitions. The athletes are members of the Uzbekistan women's national boxing team.

Group 2 consisted of 46 female university students who do not practice boxing. The average age of female students is 20 years old, the average age of female athletes is 21 years old.

 

Testing was carried out on the device UPFT-1/30-"PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIST" (scientific, production and design company "Medikom", Russia). The device is a high-precision hardware and software complex. The main working organs and mechanisms of the device are analog: buttons, LEDs and a stepper motor. This avoids the delays and errors inherent in computerized tests.

During the study, the subjects underwent 6 tests. The examination of each participant in the study took about 14 minutes.

1.                  Simple hand-eye reaction (PMR): press the button as quickly as possible when a green light signal appears on the instrument panel. 

2.                  Simple auditory motor response (PSMR): press the device button as quickly as possible in response to an audible stimulus.

3. Complex visual-motor reaction (SPMR): press the button as quickly as possible when the green color appears with the right hand, when the red color appears with the left hand.

4. Reaction to a moving object (RDO): stop the rotating arrow by pressing the button as close as possible to the illuminated LED, randomly appearing on the circular scale.

5. Dynamic sensorimotor test (DST) – press the button on the red LED with your right hand, on the green with your left hand, ignore the yellow one. The frequency of presenting color stimuli that need to be responded to by pressing a button increases with an increase in the number of correct reactions and decreases with erroneous reactions.

6. Tapping test (TT): tap the tapping pad with the probe at maximum frequency (alternately: right and left hand)

Indicators reflecting various aspects of the success of the tests were automatically saved in the instrument's file and then uploaded to the SPSS-21 table for subsequent statistical analysis.

Statistical analysis was carried out using the python programming language, pandas, numpy, and scipy libraries were used.

 

 

Results.

The comparison of the two groups according to a quantitative indicator having a normal distribution, provided that the variances are equal, was performed using the Student's t-test. The comparison of the two groups by a quantitative indicator, the distribution of which differed from the normal one, was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test.

For the first group of main indicators, the following hypotheses were tested: the null hypothesis - the average values of the samples are equal; the alternative hypothesis - the average values of the first sample are less than the average values of the second sample (that is, in the group of female boxers, the indicators are less than in the group of girls who do not box). Statistically significant results are shown in Table 1.

 

Table 1. Statistically significant difference in the performance of simple sensorimotor tests by female boxers and non-boxing girls

 

 

Èçîáðàæåíèå âûãëÿäèò êàê òåêñò, ñíèìîê ýêðàíà, Øðèôò, ÷èñëî  Àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîçäàííîå îïèñàíèå

Since p-value <0.05, we can conclude that the average values of Group 1 are less than the average value of Group 2.

            The data obtained show that the reaction time in simple and complex auditory-motor and visual-motor tests is significantly lower in female boxers compared to girls who do not box. The difference between the groups in performing the tests is also shown in Figures 1.

 

Fig. 1. The difference in the performance of the tests "simple visual-motor reaction", complex visual-motor reaction" and "simple auditory-motor reaction". Vertically– the time is in ms. Horizontally– the names of the tests are: PZMR (simple visual-motor reaction); PSMR (simple auditory-motor reaction); SPMR (complex visual-motor reaction).

 

Hypotheses were tested for the second group of key indicators: the null hypothesis - the average values of the samples are equal; the alternative hypothesis - the average value of the first sample is greater than the average value of the second sample. Statistically significant results are presented in Table 2.

 

Table 2. Statistically significant difference in the performance of sensorimotor tests by female boxers and non-boxing girls.

Èçîáðàæåíèå âûãëÿäèò êàê òåêñò, ñíèìîê ýêðàíà, Øðèôò, ÷èñëî  Àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ñîçäàííîå îïèñàíèå

Since p-value <0.05, we can conclude that the average value of the first sample is greater than the average value of the second sample. (i.e., in the group of female boxers, the indicators are statistically significantly higher than in the group of girls who do not box).

            The difference between the groups in performing complex sensorimotor tests is shown in Figures 2-3.

 

 

Figure 2. Tapping test – the sum of left and right hand strokes, dynamic sensorimotor test (DST) – the total number of stimuli presented. Vertically – the number of stimuli/strokes (pcs)

 

 

Fig. 3. Results of the RDO test (reaction to a moving object) – the number of normal (target) reactions. Vertically – the number of normal reactions (pcs)

 

            Thus, we were able to prove that female boxers are superior to non-boxing girls in the following indicators of sensorimotor tests:

1. Shorter reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli, both in simple and complex sensorimotor tests.

2. More targeted reactions to a moving object

3. A greater number of targeted reactions in a time-limited dynamic test

4.      The endurance of the nervous system during the tapping test is higher

 

 

Discussion of the results.

 

            In our study, female boxers showed better results in most sensorimotor tests compared to female students.  This data is new.

            The results we have obtained show that certain qualities are in demand for boxing, the degree of development of which is reflected in these psychomotor tests:

RDO - spatial thinking, forecasting the trajectories of objects, calculating the time and place of meeting of moving and static objects, the ability to work in the mode of uncertainty of the direction of movement of an object

PSMR is the speed of reaction to hearing, the fastest psychomotor reaction in humans is a reaction that does not require thought

Tapping test - endurance of the nervous tissue of muscles to the maximum frequency of multidirectional contractions

DST is the ability to quickly switch in conditions of interference, work in short time, at an increasing rate of receipt of visual signals, work with a series of stimuli, the speed of acceptance of an imposed rhythm

The speed of reaction to a simple visual stimulus is a reaction that does not require thought

 

            A comparative analysis of the sensorimotor reactions of athletes and students who do not engage in sports has previously been presented in the scientific literature. But the results of this study are not related to boxing, in addition, only simple sensorimotor reactions were evaluated [21].

Comparative studies of reaction time in athletes involved in various sports were also conducted: boxing, gymnastics, taekwondo, judo, karate and wrestling. The study involved 332 people. Male boxers showed the best time in simple sensorimotor reactions compared to other athletes. Indeed, during a fight in conditions of time shortage, the boxer's rapid response to visual and auditory stimuli ensures the effectiveness of performing movements [13,15].

However, there are significantly fewer works devoted to the study of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers than there are studies of male boxers.

Christie Martin's fight with Deirdre Gogarty in 1996 is considered the birthday of modern women's boxing, but women's boxing became an Olympic sport only in 2012 [8].

This is probably why the interest of psychophysiologists in this sport has manifested itself only in recent decades.

            Research conducted by psychologists shows that women's boxing classes improve the psychological state of athletes, help to cope with stress, have a beneficial effect on the figure and the overall level of physical fitness [2,5,7,9]

Such studies are most often conducted by questioning female athletes. There are significantly fewer psychophysiological studies conducted using instrumental diagnostic techniques, although such works have been appearing in recent years.

The study of reaction time was conducted, for example, in order to assess the impact of long-term tournaments on the cognitive functions of female boxers.  Female boxers demonstrated either an improvement or no significant changes in sensorimotor test scores after participating in an Olympic-style boxing tournament compared to the results before the tournament [17].

 

The expediency of using sensorimotor tests to assess the effectiveness of the development of motor and coordination qualities of female boxers during training has been proven [3].

            With all the positive qualities of women's boxing, one cannot ignore the fact that this sport is quite traumatic [10].

Injury prevention in women's boxing is ensured by the correct selection of equipment, a high level of physical fitness of athletes, as well as the high speed of their reactions to auditory and visual stimuli.

Scientific research shows that the introduction of psychophysiological tests evaluating reaction time into the practice of medical examinations of boxers, regular documentation of the results of these tests, can be an important step to improve the safety of boxing [22].

It is known that the results of some complex sensorimotor tests reflect not only the quality of motor reactions, but also the overall level of human cognitive abilities. Tests evaluating the time of complex reactions are cognitive, since their results are statistically related to the level of formation of the "executive function" - "executive functions".  Executive functions include three parameters: inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Previously, in a sample of more than 600 subjects, we were able to prove that the results of evaluating complex sensorimotor reactions can predict academic success at all levels of schooling [4,6].

The greatest differences in the results of sensorimotor tests between athletes and students in our study were revealed in simple sensorimotor tests (simple auditory motor reaction and simple visual motor reaction). However, in complex sensorimotor tests, female boxers also showed significantly higher results compared to non-boxing girls.

Thus, in our study, female boxers revealed a fairly high cognitive potential, which can be regarded as the result of training related to the specifics of boxing.

It is no coincidence that amateur boxing is recommended to maintain cognitive functions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders [14,19].

 

           

Conclusions.

1. To achieve success in boxing, women need a high level of development of sensorimotor reactions.

2.      A high level of development of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions can serve as a key to success not only in sports, but also in everyday life.

3.      Increasing the level of development of complex sensorimotor reactions also helps to improve cognitive functions necessary for study and work.

4. Boxing is useful not only for physical, but also for mental development of a person.

5.      The results of the study are of social importance, as they contribute to the popularization of women's boxing, other speed sports, and a generally healthy lifestyle.

References
1. Abdul Samad, A. G., Azizan, M. A., Khairuddin, M. H., & Johari, M. K. (2021). Significance of Aircraft Maintenance Personnel’s Reaction Time During Physical Workload and Mental Workload. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, pp. 637–643. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4115-2_52
2. Badau, D, Baydil, B, & Badau, A. (2018). Differences among Three Measures of Reaction Time Based on Hand Laterality in Individual Sports. Sports (Basel). 2018 May 19;6(2):45. doi:10.3390/sports6020045
3. Brunet, J, Price, J, Wurz, A, McDonough, M, Nantel, J. (2021). Boxing with Parkinson's Disease: findings from a qualitative study using self-determination theory. Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Jul;44(15):3880-3889. doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1891465
4. Cardoso, F., Afonso, J., Roca, A., & Teoldo, I. (2021). The association between perceptual-cognitive processes and response time in decision making in young soccer players. Journal of sports sciences, 39(8), 926–935. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1851901
5. Draheim, C., Mashburn, C. A., Martin, J. D., & Engle, R. W. (2019). Reaction time in differential and developmental research: A review and commentary on the problems and alternatives. Psychological Bulletin, 145(5), 508–535. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1037/bul000019
6. Howell, D.R., Meehan, W.P. 3rd, Loosemore, M.P., Cummiskey, J., Grabner von Rosenberg, J.P., McDonagh, D. (2017). Neurological tests improve after Olympic-style boxing bouts: a pretournament and post-tournament study in the 2016 Women's World Boxing Championships. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Sep;51(17):1279-1284. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097160
7. Janicijevic, D., & Garcia-Ramos, A. (2022). Feasibility of Volitional Reaction Time Tests in Athletes: A Systematic Review. Motor control, 2, 291–314. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2021-0139
8. Larson, D, Yeh, C, Rafferty, M, Bega, D. (2021). High satisfaction and improved quality of life with Rock Steady Boxing in Parkinson's disease: results of a large-scale survey. Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Oct;44(20):6034-6041. doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1963854
9. McKinney, T. L., & Euler, M. J. (2019). Neural anticipatory mechanisms predict faster reaction times and higher fluid intelligence. Psychophysiology, 56(10), e13426. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13426
10. Rahman, Md. Hamidur, & Shahidul Islam, M. (2021). Investigation of Audio-Visual Simple Reaction Time of University Athletes and Non-Athletes. Journal of Advances in Sports and Physical Education, 3, 24–29.
11. Stiller, J.W., Yu, S.S., Brenner, L.A., Langenberg, P., Scrofani, P., Pannella, P., Hsu, E.B., Roberts, D.W., Monsell, R.M., Binks, S.W. 3rd, Guzman, A., Postolache, T.T. (2014). Sparring and neurological function in professional boxers. Front Public Health. 2014 Jul 21;2:69. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00069

First Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

Review of the article "Comparative analysis of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing" The subject of the study is not directly stated by the author of the article, but can be traced in its title as a comparison of indicators of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and university students. Here, of course, a methodological question arises – why is the comparison with university students, and not with athletes from other sports or with working youth? It is important that the author substantiates this choice. The research methodology is based on traditional methods of psychological research. The first part contains a short description of the importance of the approach and the topic, but the methods of analysis, systematization and generalization of literary data are not applied. The author uses a review of only 9 literary sources, which is not enough in line with the stated topic. The applied part of the study is represented by a comparative analysis conducted on two groups of girls. The study involved 66 girls aged 20-21 years: 1) Group 1 - 20 athletes engaged in boxing at a high level. The athletes are part of the Uzbekistan women's national boxing team. 2) Group 2 consisted of 46 university students who do not practice boxing. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the results of instrumental sensorimotor tests of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing. As psychodiagnostic techniques, the author uses Testing conducted on the device UPFT-1/30-"PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIST" (scientific, production and design company "Medikom", Russia). Reaction measurements were applied, as well as a dynamic sensorimotor test and a tapping test were performed. For mathematical data processing, the analysis of average values and comparison using the Mann-Whitney U-test are applied. SPSS-21 was used as a statistical package. The relevance of the presented article is beyond doubt. The interest in studying the various factors that determine the success of sports achievements is higher than ever today. Research in the field of sports achievements has an interdisciplinary and international character, which can be seen in the presented study. The scientific novelty of analyzing the influence of various types of sports training on the development of not only motor and coordination qualities of a person, but also cognitive abilities is manifested in the fact that the author compared different groups of subjects using psychophysiological techniques, where important characteristics of reactions in sports are evaluated. Style, structure, content The article has a traditional structure – introductory, main and final parts. The introductory part justifies the choice of the topic. It is not well developed. It is important to provide a description of the conceptual framework that forms the basis of research and scientific approaches, research on this topic. In the main part of the article, the author works on the goal stated at the beginning of the article and organizes a comparison of characteristics in two groups of respondents – visual-motor reactions, auditory-motor reaction, reaction to a moving object, etc. Unfortunately. It is difficult to analyze the results obtained, since they are only partially presented. For example, the author refers to Figures 1, 2, and 3, but they are missing from the presented article. As a recommendation, given that the study has data on very extensive indicators. Therefore, more informative mathematical methods can be applied. For example, factor analysis. This would make it possible to more correctly represent the variety of relationships between indicators within each sample and compare the structures of indicators in different groups. The style of presentation of the material meets the requirements of science, but at the same time it is quite accessible to perception. The bibliography includes 9 literary sources, most of which are articles in journals and abstracts in conference collections. It is recommended to strengthen the materials with fundamental research reflected in monographs and dissertation research. The topic of the article itself requires such a highly specialized approach. Appeal to opponents – the article partially meets the requirements for articles to be published in journals from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission. It can be recommended for publication after correcting the following comments: 1 – inclusion in the introductory part of the review of literature and scientific data on the stated topic, 2 – arrange tables so that they are readable, 3 – include figures to which the author refers, but they are missing in the text. Conclusions, the interest of the readership – the article will arouse the interest of the readership interested in studying the personal characteristics of athletes and the factors that determine their success in sports achievements. It will be useful for psychologists, coaches, psychodiagnostics and teachers.

Second Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the research in the presented article is the sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing, through a comparative analysis. The descriptive method, the method of analysis were used as the methodology of the subject area of the study in this article, as well as testing was applied during the study, which was carried out on the device UPFT-1/30-"PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIST" (scientific, production and design firm "Medikom", Russia). The device is a high-precision hardware and software complex. The main working organs and mechanisms of the device are analog: buttons, LEDs and a stepper motor. This avoids the delays and errors inherent in computerized tests. During the study, the subjects underwent 6 tests: simple visual-motor reaction (PMR); simple auditory-motor reaction (PSMR); complex visual-motor reaction (SPMR); reaction to a moving object (RDO); dynamic sensorimotor test (DST); tapping test (TT). Indicators reflecting various aspects of the success of the tests were automatically saved in the instrument's file and then uploaded to the SPSS-21 table for subsequent statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out using the python programming language, pandas, numpy, and scipy libraries were used. The comparison of the two groups by a quantitative indicator with a normal distribution, provided that the variances are equal, was performed using the Student's t-test. The comparison of the two groups by a quantitative indicator, the distribution of which differed from the normal one, was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The relevance of the article is beyond doubt, since modern science recognizes the mutual influence of physical and cognitive development of a person, and sensorimotor tests are a kind of bridge that allows us to establish a link between the level of development of motor and cognitive abilities of an athlete. Instrumental assessment of reaction time in sensorimotor tests provides an opportunity to conduct a quantitative analysis of the impact of various types of sports training on the development of not only motor and coordination qualities of a person, but also cognitive abilities. Currently, boxing is actively developing in the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is confirmed by the implementation of the large-scale state program No. PP-5099 dated 04/29/2021 "On measures for the further development of boxing", approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. However, the problem of the influence of this sport on the development of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers has not been sufficiently developed. The scientific novelty of the study consists in conducting a comparative analysis of the results of instrumental sensorimotor tests of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing. Testing on special equipment was carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the city of Angren, Tashkent region, on the basis of the Boxing Federation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in the laboratory of psychophysiology of the Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami. 66 girls participated in the study. The first group consisted of 20 female athletes engaged in boxing. All athletes are high-level boxers, among them champions and prize-winners of Asia, major international tournaments and competitions. The athletes are members of the Uzbekistan women's national boxing team. The average age of the athletes was 21 years. The second group consisted of 46 university students who do not practice boxing. The average age of female students was 20 years. The article is written in the language of scientific style with the competent use in the text of the study of the presentation of various positions of scientists to the problem under study, as well as a detailed description of the methodology used. The structure is designed taking into account the basic requirements for writing scientific articles, the structure of this study includes an introduction, methodology, results, discussion of results, conclusions, bibliography. The content of the article reflects its structure. Especially valuable in the content of the study is the author's emphasis on the fact that the expediency of using sensorimotor tests to assess the effectiveness of the development of motor and coordination qualities of female boxers during training has been proven. With all the positive qualities of women's boxing, one cannot ignore the fact that this sport is quite traumatic. Injury prevention in women's boxing is ensured by the correct selection of equipment, a high level of physical fitness of athletes, as well as the high speed of their reactions to auditory and visual stimuli. Scientific research shows that the introduction of psychophysiological tests evaluating reaction time into the practice of medical examinations of boxers, regular documentation of the results of these tests, can be an important step to improve the safety of boxing. The bibliography contains 11 sources, including domestic periodicals and non-periodicals. The article describes various positions and points of view of well-known scientists, characterizing approaches and various aspects to understanding the features of sensorimotor reactions and the possibilities of using sensorimotor tests, and also contains an appeal to various scientific works and sources devoted to this topic, which is part of the scientific interests of researchers dealing with this issue. The presented study contains brief conclusions concerning the subject area of the study. In particular, it is noted that in order to achieve success in boxing, women need a high level of development of sensorimotor reactions. A high level of development of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions can serve as a key to success not only in sports, but also in everyday life. Increasing the level of development of complex sensorimotor reactions also helps to improve cognitive functions necessary for study and work. Boxing is useful not only for physical, but also for mental development of a person. The results of the study are of social importance, as they contribute to the popularization of women's boxing, other speed sports, and, in general, a healthy lifestyle. The materials of this study are intended for a wide range of readers, they can be interesting and used by scientists for scientific purposes, teaching staff in the educational process, managers and administrators of educational organizations, sports organizations, public organizations for the development of sports and youth work, sports coaches, medical professionals, psychologists and experts. As disadvantages of this study, it should be noted that there are typos, technical errors and omissions of punctuation marks and spaces in the text. When describing the research methodology, it would be advisable to specify the period of its implementation. When describing the results, the names of the figures and tables look very cumbersome and difficult to understand. You should specify what is presented vertically and what is presented horizontally in the drawing itself, or, as an extreme option, in the note to the drawing, and not together with its name. It is necessary to pay attention to the requirements of the current GOST for the design of tables and figures, as well as bibliographic sources. In particular, it is especially necessary to look at the correctness and completeness of the design of the last source, number 11. The article should be supplemented with a conclusion, and not limited to exclusively brief conclusions. Perhaps the title of the article should be reformulated more scientifically and made more general. These shortcomings do not reduce the scientific and practical significance of the study itself, however, these shortcomings must be promptly eliminated and the article sent for revision.

Third Peer Review

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The paper "Comparative analysis of sensorimotor reactions of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing" is submitted for review. The subject of the study. The work is aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the results of instrumental sensorimotor tests of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing. In general, the author presented his own understanding of this issue and achieved his goal. The methodology of the research is the work considering the features of women's boxing. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that boxing is actively developing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the same time, insufficient attention has been paid to the study of sensorimotor reactions in women's training. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author conducted a comparative analysis of the results of instrumental sensorimotor tests of female boxers and university students who are not engaged in boxing. Style, structure, content. The style of presentation corresponds to publications of this level. The language of the work is scientific. The structure of the work is clearly visible. The author highlights the main semantic parts. The introduction identifies the problem of research and its relevance. The author notes that not only the level of athletic training, but also the cognitive potential of a person can be determined using sensorimotor tests. In this study, the results of sensorimotor tests of female athletes and female students of the university were compared. The author noted that boxing is actively developing in the Republic of Uzbekistan, thanks to the large-scale state program of the President. The purpose of the study is defined in the introduction. The second section is a description of the research methodology that has been implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan. 66 girls took part in the study, testing was carried out on the device UPFT-1/30-"PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIST" (scientific, production and design company "Medikom", Russia). The study included 6 tests aimed at studying: simple visual-motor reaction, simple auditory-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, reaction to a moving object, dynamic sensorimotor test, tapping test. The analysis of the indicators was carried out using statistical analysis using the python programming language, the pandas, numpy, and scipy libraries were used. The next section includes a description of the results obtained. The analysis was carried out by comparing two groups according to a quantitative indicator having a normal distribution using the Student's t-test. The paper presents: - a statistically significant difference in the performance of simple sensorimotor tests by female boxers and girls who do not box; - a difference in the performance of tests "simple visual-motor reaction", complex visual-motor reaction" and "simple auditory-motor reaction"; - a statistically significant difference in the performance of sensorimotor tests by female boxers and girls who do not box; - tapping test – the sum of left and right hand punches, dynamic sensorimotor test; - the results of the RDO test (reaction to a moving object) – the number of normal (target) reactions. The analysis made it possible to prove that female boxers outperform girls who do not box according to certain indicators of sensorimotor tests. The next section is a discussion of the results. The results we have obtained show that certain qualities are in demand for boxing, the degree of development of which is reflected in these psychomotor tests. These are RDO, PSMR, Tapping test, DST, PZMR. The conducted research allowed the author to summarize and draw reasoned conclusions at the end of the study. Bibliography. The bibliography of the article includes 11 domestic sources, most of which have been published in the last three years. The list contains articles and abstracts. In addition, there are also monographs, methodological publications, online publications, collections of conference materials. The sources are designed incorrectly and heterogeneously. Appeal to opponents. Recommendations: - to make a theoretical analysis of the main approaches and research directions; - to conduct a more detailed analysis of the results obtained; - to provide recommendations based on the results of the conducted research; - to issue a bibliographic list in accordance with the requirements. Conclusions. The problems of the article are of undoubted relevance, theoretical and practical value; it will be of interest to specialists who deal with the problems of forming sensorimotor reactions of women who are engaged in boxing. The article may be recommended for publication, it is important to take into account the highlighted recommendations. This makes it possible to submit to the editorial board a research article that is characterized by scientific novelty and significance.