Historical and pedagogical aspects of the formation of fire education in the Baikal region in the 60s and 70s

Vasil'ev Mikhail Aleksandrovich Senior Lecturer at the Department of Special Training of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 664074, Russia, Irkutskaya oblast', g. Irkutsk, ul. Lermontova, 110 vip.medved1983@list.ru Other publications by this author

The subject of the study of the emergence and development of the system of professional fire education in the Irkutsk region, mostly concerns the period of 60-70 years. XX century. This time period is due to the formation of secondary and higher educational institutions of the fire Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on the territory of the Irkutsk region. These educational institutions were the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, established in 1968, as well as the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, established in 1978 ^[1].

The relevance of the appearance of such educational institutions in the Irkutsk region was an indicator of the intensive development of the economic and industrial potential not only of the Baikal territory, but also of the entire Siberian and Far Eastern region. Such a development required the training of highly professional specialists in the field of fire safety, taking into account the specifics of these regions. The most illustrative example confirming the above is the results of recruitment by applicants of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School in 1969.

- Group No. 1– Khabarovsk Territory;

- Group No. 2 – Kemerovo region;

- Group No. 3 – Primorsky Krai;

- Group No. 4 – Amur region;

- Group No. 5 – Altai Territory;

- Group No. 6 – Krasnoyarsk Territory;

- Group No. 7– OPO-2 of Krasnoyarsk;

- Group No. 8 – Chita region;

- Group No. 9 – Sakhalin region;

- Group No. 10 – Irkutsk region;

- Group No. 11 – Buryat ASSR;

- Group No. 12 – OPO-51 Omsk, Yakut ASSR, Tuvan ASSR, Kamchatka Territory. "OPO" refers to fire departments for the maintenance of defense industry facilities, for example (Krasnoyarsk - 45) ^[5].

The total number of candidates for admission to the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1969 was 319 applicants sent from the regions of Siberia and the Far East to study.

A similar territoriality in the direction of students was also observed on the example of the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

These facts indicated the demand for training specialists for the fire safety system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

It is noteworthy that the head of educational institutions created almost from scratch, such as the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1968 and the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1978, was Colonel of the internal service Alifanov Alexander Pavlovich ^[2]. The uniqueness of the activity of this leader lies in the fact that thanks to his energy and dedication in a short period, it was possible to create a powerful scientific and pedagogical potential.

The recruitment of teaching staff and the organization of the structure of teaching teams in educated educational institutions, according to the author of the scientific article, is one of the most difficult tasks at the stage of formation of an educational organization. This was especially true of the stage of formation of the scientific and pedagogical staff of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, as a pioneer in the system of professional fire education in Eastern Siberia and the Far East ^[3].

For a general understanding of the system of pedagogical activity of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, it is worth specifying the list of academic disciplines taught at this educational institution for three years of training of cadets. Teaching at the school carried out five study cycles:

 - Cycle of socio-political and socio-economic sciences (Political Economy);

 - Cycle of fire prevention disciplines (Electrical engineering, Special chemistry, Fire prevention, Water supply, Thermophysics);

- Cycle of fire-technical disciplines (Mathematics, Drawing, Technical mechanics, Fire-technical weapons);

- Cycle of fire and tactical disciplines (Organization of service and training, Fire drill);

- A cycle of military disciplines and physical education (Fire training, Military tactics, Statutes of the Armed forces of the USSR, Drill, Topography, Physical education).

On average, each cycle consisted of 10 teaching staff members. According to the positions, the structure of the educational cycle included: the head of the cycle, the deputy head of the cycle, teachers and laboratory assistants. The heads of the training cycles for the period 1969-70, at the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were:

- Cycle of socio-political and socio-economic sciences, head L.I. Shcheklanov;

- Cycle of fire prevention disciplines, head Captain N.A. Ilyenkov;

- Cycle of fire-technical disciplines, Chief Major B.V. Onosov;

- Cycle of military disciplines and physical education, head Captain V.A. Karpov;

- Cycle of fire and tactical disciplines, chief engineer-Captain B.F. Bayda ^[6].

Teaching activities were conducted by a total team of 36 employees. At the same time, a combination of theoretical knowledge was actively used, with the elaboration of these theoretical provisions in practice. Since throughout the entire three-year period of study at the college, cadets on a permanent basis joined the training fire department for duty. At the same time, they took an active part in the elimination of fires and emergencies on the territory of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region, risking their lives on an equal footing with the employees of the fire protection of practical bodies.

A similar structure in the organization of educational and pedagogical activities of the school operated in the period from 1968 to 1993, until the inclusion of the fire school in the Irkutsk Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, in the form of the Faculty of fire safety. Later, when the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was formed in 1978, the educational, pedagogical and logistical base of the Irkutsk Fire-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR became the organizational basis for the formation of the newly created higher educational institution ^[4]. In the organization of educational and pedagogical activities at the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire and Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the principle of consistency was applied in the process of phased recruitment of scientific and pedagogical personnel. Even before the stage of the first entrance exams in August 1978, educational departments were established on the basis of the Irkutsk Faculty:

- Department of Social Sciences, Head of the Department, Candidate of Historical Sciences B.A. Prigornev;

- Department of Preventive Disciplines, Head of the Department, Colonel of Internal Service Y.S. Kiselyov;

 - Department of Operational and Tactical Disciplines, Head of the Department, Lieutenant Colonel of the Internal Service G.I. Osipov.

 - Department of General Scientific Disciplines, Head of the Department, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Major of Internal Service L.V. Shchapovsky.

- Department of General Engineering Disciplines, Head of the Department, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Major of Internal Service V.N. Konshin ^[7].

Structurally, the departments included: head of the department, deputy head of the department, professor, associate professor, senior lecturer, lecturer, head of the cabinet, laboratory assistant. The number of staff of the department varied from 5 to 15 employees. These quantitative indicators in the recruitment of departments were fully formed during 1978-79. The teaching was conducted in 32 subjects. At the same time, the involvement of teachers from civilian secondary and higher educational institutions in Irkutsk was actively used for teaching.

The educational and pedagogical activities of the Irkutsk branch were carried out in the period from 1978 to 1993, until the moment of incorporation into the Irkutsk Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, in the form of the Faculty of Fire Safety.

In general, a systematic approach to the recruitment of scientific and pedagogical personnel and the competent organization of the educational process was directly reflected in the quality of training of young graduates who continued to serve in the practical fire protection bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, and later in the Russian Federation.