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National Security
Reference:

The role of citizens' social security in maintaining the national security of the Russian Federation

Semiannikova Dina Aleksandrovna

ORCID: 0000-0001-5113-5958

PhD in Law

Associate Professor of the Department of Law of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

197022, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, 66

dinka92-spb@mail.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 

DOI:

10.7256/2454-0668.2023.6.69099

EDN:

VMIHMA

Received:

24-11-2023


Published:

07-12-2023


Abstract: The subject of the study is the analysis of the dynamics of social security legislation in modern Russia, the development and reliability of which directly affects the internal stability and national security in the country. The author examines in detail the issue of increasing the role of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the social security of citizens on the example of recent events that have affected social stability within the country, such as the coronavirus infection and the conduct of a special military operation. The choice of subjects to whom social security is directed depends not only on subjective factors (low-income, disability, marital status, many children), but also on the geopolitical, economic situation and other factors. At the same time, the author assesses the trend of regionalization, given that social security is under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its regions. The author has identified the tendency of regionalization of social security legislation, which has positive and negative sides, reflecting on the level of social security of citizens. The author concluded that there should not be extremes in the form of passive adaptation of the regions or, on the contrary, their exclusive initiative in the social security of citizens. The initiative and participation of the subjects of the Russia today are key, while we should not forget about subjective factors (the speed of managerial decision-making, the quality of work of the system of authorities of the regions, the presence of necessary structures/organizations in it), taking into account which it is necessary to build a system of productive interaction, where the state assumes the main role. It is this approach to the legal regulation of social security of citizens that can ensure social security and preserve stability and security within the country.


Keywords:

social security, social safety, social state, regional legislation, special military operation, coronavirus infection, social stability, legal regulation, social policy, ensuring national security

This article is automatically translated.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 400 dated 07/02/2021 "On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation" noted the importance of further development of Russia as a legal social state in which respect and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, improvement of the welfare of the people, protection of the dignity of citizens of the Russian Federation are of the highest importance. Taking into account the geopolitical situation in the world, the socio-economic situation in Russia is undergoing major changes, which is certainly accompanied by changes in the legal sphere, in particular in the field of social security law, the level of which is one of the main indicators of the welfare state.

The legitimacy and effectiveness of the state can be judged by how it ensures the well-being of citizens in order to mitigate social discontent, which can eventually lead to conflicts [1]. It is worth agreeing with the opinion that there is a relationship between social security and the economic development of the country and a positive contribution to the stability and well-being of the country[2]The purpose of social security is to protect a person from the consequences of various kinds of life situations associated with a threat to his social well-being [3].

M.L. Zakharov, E.G. Tuchkova, E.E. Machulskaya, M.Yu Fedorova and other scientists were engaged in substantiating the paramount importance of citizens' rights in the field of social security on an equal basis with other rights. One of the components of national security A.V. Belikov, M.P. Komarov rightly call social security as a state of protection of citizens from threats of violation of their vital interests, rights, freedoms [4]At the same time, these studies only partially address the issue of the impact of social security on security within the country. The role of modern legal regulation of social security of new subjects in maintaining national security is considered for the first time in this study, which increases its relevance.

The definition of the essential features of the nature of the welfare state remains a debatable issue. Thus, supporters of the liberal concept advocate, in particular, a narrowing of the circle of persons subject to social protection. At the same time, opponents rightly point out that the welfare state is not static and its concept needs constant revision and adaptation. [5]. This study supports this point of view, and the emergence of new subjects of social security confirms the "plasticity" of social security in the face of modern challenges. 

 The choice of subjects targeted by social security today depends not only on subjective factors (low income, disability, old age, large families, orphanhood), but also on the geopolitical, economic situation and other factors. Thus, the range of social security subjects expanded during the spread of coronavirus infection, which included employees of medical institutions who are entitled to social support in case of virus disease due to the nature of their work, as well as their family members in the event of the death of such a subject. During the special military operation (hereinafter referred to as the SVO), a new category of subjects appeared for social security – persons serving in volunteer formations that perform the tasks of the SVO. In modern conditions, the relations arising in connection with the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to social security are developing dynamically, which is reflected in the emergence of new forms of overcoming socially risky situations[6].

The State is always the entity providing social security to citizens. According to paragraph g of Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, social security in Russia is jointly administered by the Russian Federation and its subjects. Zapolsky S.V., Smorchkova L.N. note that joint management guarantees, creates equal conditions and prerequisites for the development of all subjects of the Russian Federation and at the same time ensures compliance with federal human rights standards throughout the state[7].

Historically, it was the state represented by the Federation that played a major role in social security, and the role of the regions was additional. In fact, the state, through federal legal regulation, "designates" a subject in need of social security, the specifics of its legal status in the field of social security, taking into account the characteristics and needs of such a subject, develops subordinate legal regulation establishing the procedure for providing various types of social security, introduces legal mechanisms (procedural issues), and the regions, based on federal The norms, taking into account the material capabilities of the region, supplement the amount of social security for specific categories of citizens (basically, they provide additional payments for the same reasons, as a rule, requiring residence on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation). According to Lopatina Ya.V., the social policy of the region, acting as an integral part of the measures carried out by the state in order to regulate the conditions of social production in general, is closely related to the general economic situation in the country[8].

Thus, the state did not concentrate family policy issues at the federal level, centralizing the entire social sphere here, but transferred it to the joint jurisdiction of the federal center and the regions [9]. The most common example of social support for a family is the provision of maternal (family) capital. In 2007, a corresponding payment was made, regulated by Federal Law No. 256-FZ dated December 29, 2006 "On additional measures of state support for families with children". Then, the subjects of the Russian Federation, based on the demographic situation in the region, budget possibilities, and other grounds, develop legal regulation and provide such a payment in the region. For example, in 2011, the relevant legal regulation appeared in St. Petersburg (Law of St. Petersburg dated 06.12.2011 No. 810-151 "On Maternal (Family) Capital in St. Petersburg"), in the Moscow Region (Law of the Moscow Region dated January 12, 2006 No. 1/2006-OZ "On measures of social support for families and children in the Moscow Region), in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (Law of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra dated October 28, 2011 No. 100-oz "On additional measures to support families with children in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra") and in other subjects of the Russian Federation. This example reflects the specifics of regional legislation, manifested in the subsequent "connection" of regions to federal legislation.

One example of a region focusing on "internal" needs when establishing the right to regional social security is social security for persons with disabilities. Social security of the disabled of the Russian Federation is regulated by Federal Law No. 181-FZ dated 11/24/1995 "On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation", which establishes the rights to various types of social security, including the right to receive technical means of rehabilitation (hereinafter referred to as TSR). It should be noted that the regional legal regulation differs in the expansion of the federal list of TSR, approved by Order No. 86n of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated February 13, 2018, by adding new TSR items. Thus, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated 11/18/2021 No. 1013-P "On approval of the Procedure for providing disabled people with technical means of rehabilitation that are not included in the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to a disabled person", the regional list contains TSR for disabled people with significantly pronounced impaired bodily functions, namely, people with disabilities with significantly pronounced disorders of the musculoskeletal system, unable to move. In the Magadan region, according to the Decree of the Government of the Magadan Region dated May 15, 2014 No. 400-pp "On approval of the Procedure for targeted provision of disabled people, children with hearing, visual impairment, with damage to the musculoskeletal system with personal hygiene products, technical means of rehabilitation not included in the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services" and the Kursk region in accordance with the Resolution of the Administration of the Kursk region dated June 10, 2011 No. 237-pa "On providing technical means of rehabilitation not included in the federal list of rehabilitation measures, technical means of rehabilitation and services provided to disabled people within the framework of regional target programs" special attention of the legislator is paid to people with hearing and visual impairments and damage to the musculoskeletal system.

Conditionally, the state guarantees fundamental rights through their primary regulation with the possibility of subsequent "connection" of the regions.  At the expense of their budgetary funds and other resources, the subjects of the Russian Federation establish additional social protection measures based on the guidelines defined by the federal legislator.

Separately, I would like to note the importance of the attention of some regions to people who have not been diagnosed with disabilities and who need TSR, based on the increase in the incidence of specific diseases in the region. Thus, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of St. Petersburg dated July 21, 2015 No. 650 "On measures to implement Chapter 29 "Social support for persons with disabilities" of the Law of St. Petersburg "Social Code of St. Petersburg" in St. Petersburg, citizens are provided with TSR in the form of prostheses after mastectomy, specialized underwear after mastectomy and complex orthopedic shoes with individual manufacturing parameters. On the basis of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 08/15/2016 No. 503-PP "On providing certain categories of citizens with technical means of rehabilitation for medical purposes, medical products at the expense of the budget of the city of Moscow", hearing aids are provided in Moscow to persons with hearing disabilities (with unspecified disabilities), non-invasive ventilation devices are provided to both disabled people and persons with limited life activity.

Thus, the issues of establishing social security for certain categories of citizens are being decentralized to a regional jurisdiction based on regional needs and characteristics.

It is worth agreeing that the current situation of Russia, due to the nature of its socio-political and economic development, poses new tasks for the state and society to improve existing and develop new legislation in the interests of strengthening the national security of the country[10], while these actions must be deliberate and justified.

 Within the framework of the study, special attention should be paid to the active regionalization of social security, the development of which has both positive and negative features. First of all, it is worth noting the positive aspects of increasing the participation of regions in social security issues for certain categories of citizens. The concept of "regionalization" is also associated with the concept of "regional development", defined as the process of formation of territorial differences within countries and regions, characteristic of all spheres of human activity[11].

Thus, during the spread of coronavirus infection, when introducing various types of social security, the state designated categories of recipients of state social security, the choice of which was determined by the level of risks to which certain groups of the population were exposed (the minimum and maximum amount of unemployment benefits was established in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 12/31/2020 No. 2393 "On the minimum and maximum amounts unemployment benefits for 2021", one-time and monthly payments to families with children in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 7, 2020 No. 249 "On additional measures of social support for families with children"), and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 1, 2020 No. 402 "On approval of Temporary Rules for registration of disability certificates, appointments and the payment of temporary disability benefits in case of quarantine to insured persons aged 65 years and older" settled the issues of state social insurance for certain categories of citizens. In addition, the occurrence of epidemics and pandemics is one of the threats to national security in the field of public health protection [12], which is more "leveled" by the establishment of appropriate social security for citizens.

During this period, the regional legislator highlighted the main conditions for providing additional payments to families with children, the most common of which were: low-income families in which a child is being raised, raising a child by a single parent, a large family, raising a disabled child in a family, loss of work by a parent during the establishment of restrictive measures. Social problems were solved point-by-point[13].

The negative sides of regionalization manifested themselves during the period of the special military operation (hereinafter referred to as the SVO), which revealed the need to increase the volume of social security for military personnel in the Russian Federation. Due to the special nature of the duties assigned to military personnel, the state provides them with a wide range of social guarantees and compensations[14]. One of the main acts of the federal legislator that defined the strategy in social security of citizens during the period of its independence was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 16, 2022 No. 121 "On measures to ensure socio-economic stability and protection of the population in the Russian Federation", which indicated the need for the subjects of the Russian Federation to take comprehensive measures to ensure socio-economic stability, including targeted support measures for various categories of citizens of the Russian Federation who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

In fact, the regional legislator is responsible for choosing the mechanisms and conditions for providing social security, where the region determines the categories of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation, as well as measures (exhaustive, that is, by definition complete, comprehensive) to ensure socio-economic stability not just within the region, but based on the scale of the task, all over the country. The most common type of social security in the regions has become a one-time payment to the participants of the social security system.

Subsequently, this circumstance, in view of the active implementation by the regions of legislative support for lump-sum payments to the participants of the SVO, led to the establishment of a lump-sum payment at the federal level. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 787 dated 11/22/2022 "On a one-time cash payment to military personnel undergoing military service under a contract in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" established a payment of 195 thousand rubles for mobilized citizens, as well as citizens who voluntarily signed a contract for one year or more. There has been a revolution in the system – the region has defined the subjects, mechanisms and types of social security. It was the regional legislator who was the first to identify various categories of military personnel participating in the SVO (citizens called up for military service on mobilization, SVO participants who signed a contract to serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, citizens who joined the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from volunteer formations as part of participation in the SVO), as well as family members of military personnel participating in the SVO, independently He fixed the specifics of their legal status, which establishes the right of these persons to a certain set of social security rights[15].

The international socio-political situation is rapidly changing, new risks, threats, and priorities for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation are emerging [16]. The most important task of the state's social policy is to create social protection and social security systems capable of compensating for the consequences of social risks for citizens[17]. In conclusion, it is definitely worth saying that there should be no extremes in the form of passive adaptation of regions or, on the contrary, their exceptional initiative in social security. The initiative and participation of the subjects of the Russian Federation are key today, while one should not forget about subjective factors (the speed of managerial decision-making in the region, the quality of the work of the system of authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, the material security of the region, the presence of necessary structures/organizations in it), taking into account which it is necessary to build a system of productive interaction, where the state takes over the main role. The legitimacy and effectiveness of the state can be observed in its approach to ensuring the well-being of citizens, mitigating social discontent and avoiding conflicts[18]. Scientists confirm the need for the state to invest in the development of human capital to strengthen national security [19].  It is this approach to the legal regulation of social security of citizens that can ensure social security and maintain stability and security within the country.

References
1. Walid M., & Claire El Moudden, & Nacer E.H. (2021). Social Security Enrollment as an Indicator of State Fragility and legitimacy: A Field Experiment in Maghreb. Countries Social Sciences, MDPI, 10(7), 1-25. doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0452.v1.2021
2. Midgley J., & Tang K. (2008). Social Security, the Economy and Development. Palgrave Macmillan Books, doi:10.1057/9780230582194
3. The law of social security in Russia: textbook for secondary vocational education. (2023). Ed. by E. G. Tuchkova. Moscow: Publishing Center of the O.E. Kutafin University (MSLA).
4. Belikova A.V., & Komarov M.P. (2015). Social security and its place in the system of national security. Scientific and Technical Vedomosti SPbSPU. Humanities and social sciences, 1(215), 18-22.
5. Lukasheva E.A. (2010). European models of social quality: parameters of modernization of the welfare state. Constitutional rights and freedoms of the individual in the context of interaction between civil society and the rule of law, 27-42. Moscow: RAP.
6. Antipyeva, N. V. (2009). Problems of legal regulation of social security of military personnel. Omsk: Publishing House of Omsk State University.
7. Zapolsky, S. V., & Smorchkova L. N. (2022). Joint management of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation: constitutional novelties. Pravo i praktika, 2, 50-55.
8. Lopatina, Y.V. ( 2011) Social policy of the region as a regulator of socio-economic conditions of society. Social Policy and Sociology, 10(76), 89-98.
9. Goshulyak, V. V. (2023). Protection of the family as a subject of joint of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. Actual problems of Russian law, 4, 31-40.
10. Kardashova, I. B. (2023). Fundamentals of the theory of national security: textbook for universities. I.B. Kardashov (Eds.). Yurayt Publishing House.
11. Achkasov, V. A. (2006). What is regionalization? Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 6. Political Science. International Relations, 3, 12-24.
12. Fedotova, J.G. (2020). Implementation of measures of administrative and public provision of social protection of citizens in conditions of high readiness. Social and pension law, 3, 3-7.
13. Guseva, T.S., & Semyannikova D.A. (2020).The development of Russian legislation on social security in conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection. Social and pension law, 4, 10-16.
14. Problems of the General part of social security law: a monograph. (2017). Ed. by E. G. Tuchkova. Moscow: Prospekt.
15. Semyannikova, D.A. (2022). Legal norms of social security of military personnel participating in a special military operation. EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, Law, Politics, 4, 89-97. doi:10.22394/2073-2929-2022-04-89-97
16. Popova, N.F. (2022). New priorities of ensuring national security of the Russian Federation. Administrative law and process, 5, 16-18.
17. Roik, V. D. (2023) Social policy. Social security and insurance : textbook and workshop for universities. Moscow : Yurayt Publishing House.
18. Walid M., & Claire El Moudden, & Nacer E.H. (2021). Social Security Enrollment as an Indicator of State Fragility and legitimacy: A Field Experiment in Maghreb. Countries Social Sciences, MDPI, 10(7), 1-25. doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0452.v1.2021
19. Okobia, A. O. (2021). Investing in Human Resources as a Platform for National Security in Nigeria: The Role of Social Studies Education. UJAH Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities, 21(4), 171-187.

First Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the research in the article submitted for review is, as its name implies, the problem of changing the subject composition of legal relations on social security in modern Russia. The stated boundaries of the study are observed by the author. The methodology of the research is not disclosed in the text of the article, but it is obvious that the scientists used universal dialectical, logical, historical, formal and legal research methods. The relevance of the research topic chosen by the author is undeniable and justified by him as follows: "The legitimacy and effectiveness of the state can be judged by how it ensures the well-being of citizens to mitigate social discontent, which can eventually lead to conflicts [1].It is also worth agreeing with the opinion that there is a relationship between social security and the economic development of the country and a positive contribution to the stability and well-being of the country[2]. The purpose of social security is to protect a person from the consequences of various kinds of life situations associated with a threat to his social well-being [3]. The choice of subjects targeted by social security obviously depends today not only on subjective factors (low income, disability, old age, large families, orphanhood), but on the geopolitical, economic situation and other external factors." Additionally, the scientist needs to list the names of the leading experts who have been engaged in the study of the problems raised in the article, as well as reveal the degree of their study. The scientific novelty of the work is manifested in a number of conclusions of the scientist: "Conditionally, the state guarantees fundamental rights, ensuring their primary regulation, followed by the "connection" of regions at the expense of their budget funds, additional resources, and the establishment by subjects of additional social protection measures based on the guidelines established at the federal level. Separately, I would like to note the importance of the attention of some regions to persons who have not been diagnosed with disabilities who need TSR, based on the increase in the incidence of specific diseases in the region"; "... there is a decentralization of issues on the establishment of social security for certain categories of citizens to a regional jurisdiction based on regional needs and characteristics"; "Recently, with from the time of the pandemic to the present day, there is an active regionalization of social security, and its development has both positive and negative features," etc. Thus, the article makes a definite contribution to the development of domestic legal science and deserves the attention of potential readers. The scientific style of the research is fully sustained by the author. The structure of the work is quite logical. In the introductory part of the article, the scientist substantiates the relevance of his chosen research topic. In the main part of the article, the author, based on the analysis of normative and theoretical material, examines the problem of changing the subject composition of legal relations on social security in modern Russia and determines the direction of changing the approach of the state to solving the studied social issues. The final part of the article contains conclusions based on the results of the study. The content of the article corresponds to its title, but is not devoid of shortcomings of a formal nature. So, the author writes: "... the circle of social security subjects expanded during the spread of coronavirus infection, which included employees of medical institutions who are entitled to social support in case of virus disease due to the nature of their work...." - "those who are entitled to social support." There are lexical repetitions in the text: "In fact, the state, through federal legal regulation, " designates "a subject in need of social security, the specifics of its legal status in the field of social security, taking into account the characteristics and needs of such a subject, develops subordinate legal regulation establishing the procedure for providing various types of social security, introduces legal mechanisms (procedural issues) and the regions, mainly relying on federal norms, taking into account the material capabilities of the region, supplement the volume of social security for specific categories of citizens (basically, they provide additional payments for the same reasons, as a rule, requiring residence on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation)." - "mostly ... (basically ..."; "In 2007, there was such a payment, the corresponding payment, regulated by Federal Law No. 256-FZ of December 29, 2006 "On additional measures of state support for families with children" - "payment... payment". The scientist writes: "Then the regions, based on the demographic situation in the region, budget possibilities, and other grounds, develop legal regulation and provide such a payment in the region" - "develop", "provide" - many. For example, in 2011, the relevant legal regulation appeared in St. Petersburg, the Law of St. Petersburg dated 06.12.2011 No. 810-151 "On Maternal (Family) Capital in St. Petersburg"), in the Moscow region (Law of the Moscow Region dated January 12, 2006 No. 1/2006-OZ "On measures of social support for families and children in Moscow in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (Law of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra dated October 28, 2011 No. 100-oz "On additional measures to support families with children in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra") and in other regions in 2011 - this is the fact of subsequent connection" - missing a comma after "for example", "in 2011", etc. Thus, the article needs careful proofreading. There are many typos, punctuation and stylistic errors in it (the list given in the review is not exhaustive). Sometimes the author abuses continuous quoting. The bibliography of the study is presented by 17 sources (monographs, scientific articles, textbooks), including in English. From a formal and factual point of view, this is enough. The author managed to reveal the research topic with the necessary depth and completeness. There is no appeal to opponents as such. The author refers to a number of theoretical works in support of his judgments or to illustrate certain provisions of the article. The scientist does not enter into a scientific discussion. There are conclusions based on the results of the study ("The international socio-political situation is rapidly changing, new risks, threats, and priorities for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation are emerging [14]. The most important task of the state's social policy is to create social protection and social security systems capable of compensating for the consequences of social risks for citizens[15]. Making a conclusion, it is definitely worth saying that social security should not be skewed from the passive adaptation of the regions, following the set goals of the state in social security to their exclusive initiative. The initiative and participation of the subject of the Russian Federation today is a determining factor, while one should not forget about subjective factors (the speed of managerial decision-making in the region, the quality of the work of the system of authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation), including resource factors (material security of the region, the presence of structures / organizations), it is important to strive to build a system of productive interaction, where the state assumes the main role. The legitimacy and effectiveness of the state can be observed in the state's approach to ensuring the well-being of citizens, mitigating social discontent and avoiding conflicts [16]. Scientists also confirm the need for the state to invest in the development of human capital to strengthen national security [17]. It is this approach to the legal regulation of social security of citizens to ensure social security and maintain stability and security within the country"), have the properties of reliability and validity and, of course, deserve the attention of readers, but need to be proofread.
The expression "... there should be no bias from the passive adaptation of the regions, following the set goals of the state in social security to their exclusive initiative" is an unfortunate (stylistic error). It is more correct "... there should be no extremes in the form of passive adaptation of the regions or, on the contrary, their exceptional initiative in social security." Lexical repetitions should also be avoided ("The initiative and participation of the subject of the Russian Federation today is a determining factor, while one should not forget about subjective factors ..." - "factor... factors". The interest of the readership in the article submitted for review can be shown primarily by specialists in the field of constitutional law and social security law, provided that it is finalized: disclosure of the research methodology, additional justification of the relevance of its topic (within the framework of the comment made), introduction of elements of discussion, careful proofreading of the article.

Second Peer Review

Peer reviewers' evaluations remain confidential and are not disclosed to the public. Only external reviews, authorized for publication by the article's author(s), are made public. Typically, these final reviews are conducted after the manuscript's revision. Adhering to our double-blind review policy, the reviewer's identity is kept confidential.
The list of publisher reviewers can be found here.

The subject of the study. In the reviewed article "Changing the subject composition of legal relations on social security in modern Russia", the subject of the study is the norms of law governing public relations in the field of social security. A special place in the article is occupied by issues of state social policy in the Russian Federation. Research methodology. When writing the article, such methods were used as: logical, theoretical-prognostic, formal-legal, system-structural and legal modeling. The methodological apparatus consists of the following dialectical techniques and methods of scientific cognition: analysis, abstraction, induction, deduction, hypothesis, analogy, synthesis, typology, classification, systematization and generalization. The work used a combination of empirical and theoretical information. The use of modern methods made it possible to study the established approaches and views on the subject of research. The relevance of research. The relevance of the research topic stated by the author is beyond doubt. Social stability in the state affects national security. The State strives to ensure an adequate level of social security for citizens, to guarantee social equality in society. Legislation in the field of social security is under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. The regionalization of this area of legislation has been formed objectively. As the author of this article correctly notes: "... there is a decentralization of issues related to the establishment of social security for certain categories of citizens into a regional jurisdiction based on regional needs and characteristics," "... active regionalization of social security, the development of which has both positive and negative features." These circumstances indicate the relevance of doctrinal developments on this topic in order to improve legislation in the field of social security and the practice of its application. Scientific novelty. Without questioning the importance of previous scientific research, which served as the theoretical basis for this work, nevertheless, it can be noted that this article for the first time formulated noteworthy provisions, for example: "... The initiative and participation of the subjects of the Russian Federation are key today, while we should not forget about subjective factors (the speed of managerial decision-making in the quality of the work of the system of authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, the material security of the region, the presence of the necessary structures / organizations in it), taking into account which it is necessary to build a system of productive interaction, where the state assumes the main role.". Based on the results of writing the article, the author has made a number of theoretical conclusions and suggestions, which indicates not only the importance of this study for legal science, but also determines its practical significance. Style, structure, content. The article is written in a scientific style, using special legal terminology. As comments, I would like to note: 1. The title of the article needs to be corrected, since it does not correspond to its content. 2. The introduction does not fully meet the requirements for this part of the scientific article. 3. In conclusion, it is necessary to formulate the main results that the author achieved during the research, references to the opinions of other scientists in this part of the article are inappropriate. All scientific polemics should be moved to the main part of the article. 4. The article is not structured. The material is presented inconsistently. 5. There are repetitions of words in sentences: for example, "This study supports this ...", etc. 6. Punctuation rules in sentences are not observed (for example, "According to Lopatina Ya.V. social policy of the region ..."). 7. When referring to other authors in the text, the order of writing the full name is not always followed: first, the last name is indicated, and then the initials. The comments are disposable. Bibliography. The author uses a sufficient number of doctrinal sources, provides links to publications of recent years. References to sources are designed in accordance with the requirements of the bibliographic GOST. Appeal to opponents. A scientific discussion is presented on certain issues of the stated topic, and appeals to opponents are correct. All borrowings are decorated with links to the author and the source of the publication. Conclusions, the interest of the readership. The article "Changing the subject composition of legal relations on social security in modern Russia" is recommended for publication with the condition of its completion. The article corresponds to the subject and editorial policy of the journal "National Security / nota bene". The article is written on an urgent topic, has practical significance and contains elements of scientific novelty. This article may be of interest to a wide readership, primarily specialists in the field of regional law, social security law, and will also be useful for teachers and students of law schools and faculties.

Third Peer Review

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The article "The role of social security of citizens in maintaining the national security of the Russian Federation" is submitted for review for publication in the journal "National Security". The relevance of the article is beyond doubt. To justify the choice of the research topic, the author appeals to the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, in which the material and social well-being of citizens is called the basis for the development of the Russian state. The plasticity of the authorities to the situational needs of the population in the context of a pandemic or in relation to military personnel taking part in the SVO, as well as their family members, was noted. But, such measures are pointwise non-objective in nature. The author turned to scientific research and notes that modern scientists do not offer a single conceptual approach, they are based on socially risky circumstances and special categories of citizens or people who find themselves in a difficult life situation. Thus, the welfare state is unable to position and develop. This is a true remark and an urgent task for the development of Russia. The subject of the research in the article is a number of scientific conceptual ideas, the central link of which is the degree of dependence of national security on social security, material well-being and state support by the state of the population. In this regard, the author examines the experience of individual regions, their regulatory and legal sphere of Strategy implementation. The study of the legal foundations of social security in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Magadan Region, the Kursk Region, the Social Code of St. Petersburg, providing certain categories of citizens with technical means of rehabilitation in Moscow, led the author to a reasonable conclusion about the decentralization of issues related to the establishment of social security for certain categories of citizens. Such issues are gradually moving into regional jurisdiction based on regional needs and characteristics. However, the active position of the regions does not always have a positive effect. Facts of abuse of official powers, skewed measures to support the population, incorrect choice of mechanisms and conditions for the provision of social security are being revealed on the ground. Based on the methods of legal cognition of the object and subject of research, general scientific logical analysis, comparative legal study of the experience of individual regions in the issues sought, the author reasonably concluded that "extremes in the form of passive adaptation of regions or, on the contrary, their exceptional initiative in social security" are unacceptable. However, the author limited himself only to stating the need for the state to invest in the development of human capital to strengthen national security, but did not propose specific solutions, a mechanism for the activities of regional authorities. It seems that in subsequent works the author will fill this gap and scientific novelty will be presented with specific proposals. The conclusions of the author of the article are of unconditional scientific interest and can be developed in subsequent scientific works. The reviewer notes a significant bibliographic list presented by scientific articles, monographs by Russian and foreign authors. All sources are dated to the modern period of the development of scientific thought and relate to the research topic. The structure of the work, its stylistic execution and design meet the requirements for scientific publications. The content of the work is consistent with its title, corresponds to the subject of the journal "National Security" and can be recommended for publication.