The concept of "gardening": lexicographic representation of its notional component

Sidorova Elizaveta Nikolaevna ORCID: 0000-0002-1550-1145 Educator, Department of Foreign and Russian Languages, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy 127422, Russia, Moscow, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49 elizavetasidorova5@gmail.com Other publications by this author

Popova Larisa Georgievna ORCID: 0000-0001-9400-2469 Doctor of Philology Professor of the Department of Germanistics and Linguodidactics, Institute of Foreign Languages, Moscow City Pedagogical University 105064, Russia, Moscow region, Moscow, Maly Kazenny Lane, 5b larageorg5@gmail.com

Currently, the idea of the interconnectedness of the language and the thinking of the people, which is expressed by the linguistic conceptualization of non-linguistic reality, is becoming increasingly popular. According to A. D. Shmelev, the concept connects the meaning of a linguistic utterance and the corresponding element of the surrounding world. There is a concept behind each unit of language; in most cases, one concept finds its representation through a number of linguistic units ^[12].

The analysis of the lexicographic representation of the concept of "gardening" (gardening) is the subject of research, whereas the object of research is to study the verbalization of the concept of "gardening".

The authors consider it appropriate to consider the concept of "Englishness" as a linguistic and cultural hyperconcept ^[9], due to the fact that in research within the framework of linguistics and cultural studies there is a different interpretation of the understanding of "Englishness" ^{[2; 3; 5; 6; 7; 15]}. As a result, it is proposed to introduce smaller concepts into the linguistic and cultural hyperconcept "Englishness", which can be represented in the form of the following scheme:

Fig.1 The composition of the hyperconcept "Englishness"

The hyperconcept "Englishness" consists of such small linguistic and cultural concepts as "English humour", "pets", "privacy", "home", "restraint", "gardening", "politeness".

Since the concepts of "politeness", "restraint", "home", "privacy" have been studied in some detail in linguistics ^{[2; 3; 5; 6; 7; 15]}, within the framework of this article, we consider it advisable to analyze the representation of the less studied concept of "gardening" in English.

We consider it advisable to analyze the representations of the linguistic and cultural components of the concept of "gardening" based on the material of explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms in order to clarify the lexical and semantic explication of the conceptual component ^[4]. Explanatory, ideographic dictionaries of the English language and a dictionary of synonyms were used as lexicographic sources ^{[14; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]}, since it is necessary to define those lexemes by which the conceptual component of the above concept can be explicated in literary texts.

An appeal to the ideographic dictionaries of the English language ^[19] allowed us to find out that the nuclear lexeme of the linguistic and cultural concept of "gardening" is the lexeme "gardening" ^[19].

According to the English-Russian dictionary by V. K. Muller ^[8], the lexeme "gardening" is translated as "gardening", while in the ideographic dictionary of the English language by P. Roger "gardening" is considered within the concepts of "agriculture" (agriculture) and "beauty" (beauty), that is:

Agriculture (Agriculture) is an entity. agriculture, cultivation, farming; tillage, agronomy, gardening, viticulture; floriculture; landscape gardening.Farmer, gardener, gardener, florist; agronomist; yeoman, farmer, lumberjack, forester; farm manager, winemaker, vintner; Triptolemus (hero of the Greek myth, priest of the goddess of agriculture). Field, meadow, garden (garden); botanical garden, winter garden, ornamental garden, flower garden, vegetable garden, plot for commercial production of vegetables or fruits, hop; plant nursery; greenhouse, greenhouse; bed, curb, sowing area; lawn (grassplot†, grassplat†); park (playground for recreation); parterre, shrub, plantation, alley, arboretum, pinery, pine plantation, orchard ^[19].

Beauty is essential. It's beautiful. [The science of beauty perception] aesthetics. [- beauty of people] comeliness, form, elegance, grace, beauty without embellishment, natural beauty; symmetry; pleasantness; gloss; good impression, good appearance; flowering, brilliance, radiance, splendor, luxury; sublimity, refinement, delicacy, sophistication; charm, style. Venus, Aphrodite, Hebe, Graces, Peri, Uri, Cupid, Apollo†, Hyperion, Adonis†, Antionius†, Narcissus.Peacock, butterfly; garden; flower, rose; decoration; jewel; work of art. Flower, [flowers: list] wild flower; rose, lily, anemone, chrysanthemum, buttercup, geranium, narcissus, tulip, tiger lily, daylily, begonia, marigolds, lily of the valley, rhododendron, anemone. Landscaping; landscaping, gardening ^[19].

After analyzing the information presented in the ideographic dictionary, it can be concluded that within the framework of this article, the concept of “gardening” is considered more in the key of agriculture.

An appeal to the explanatory dictionaries of the English language ^{[14; 16; 17; 18]} allowed us to establish the following composition of the lexeme "gardening":

1. Activities aimed at planning and caring for the garden ^[17].

2. Activities aimed at gardening, growing plants, etc. ^[16].

3. Planning and growing a garden ^[14].

4. Activities aimed at gardening and causing pleasure ^[18].

Let's turn to the dictionary of synonyms to find out the range of synonyms of the specified nuclear lexeme "gardening". These synonyms are: horticulture, cultivation, tillage, landscaping, landscape gardening, planting, floriculture ^[20].

Each of the listed synonyms should be clarified in terms of the composition of its meanings. The synonym "horticulture", according to the explanatory dictionaries of the English language, has the following meanings:

Gardening is an activity aimed at growing and studying garden plants ^{[14; 17]}.

Practical activity or science related to the cultivation of flowers, fruits and vegetables ^{[16; 18]}.

As for the synonym "cultivation", it has the following meanings in the explanatory dictionaries of the British version of the English language:

Breeding is the process of growing crops or plants ^{[14; 17]}.

Planting and cultivation of plants and crops ^[16].

Cultivation (of land) is the preparation and use of soil for growing crops ^{[16; 18]}.

The deliberate development of certain relationships, qualities or skills ^[18].

The synonym "tillage" has the following list of meanings in explanatory dictionaries:

Tillage is the process of preparing the land for planting crops ^{[14; 16; 17; 18]}.

Land used for growing crops ^[18].

The next synonym for the nuclear lexeme is "landscaping". It has the following meanings in explanatory dictionaries:

Landscape design is an activity aimed at designing or beautifying gardens and territories adjacent to buildings in order to give them an attractive appearance ^[14].

Landscape design is a process by which a person makes a garden or other piece of land attractive by changing its design, adding new characteristics, planting trees, etc.; features (such as trees, stones) that were added in order to make a piece of land more beautiful ^[18].

Another synonym for the nuclear lexeme is "landscape gardening", presented in explanatory dictionaries as follows:

Decorative gardening is a profession or art aimed at arranging gardens and parks so that they look aesthetically pleasing and interesting ^[16].

Decorative gardening is a work related to the development and layout of gardens and parks that attract visitors ^[18].

Decorative gardening is the art of territory planning, close to natural landscapes ^[14].

Decorative gardening is a profession or activity aimed at creating a more attractive garden or plot of land by adding trees, plants, etc. ^[17].

Therefore, this synonym has a dictionary meaning: a job/profession related to planning; aimed at creating an attractive territory in the form of a garden/park for one's own use or for visitors.

The next synonym is the synonym "planting". It has the following list of dictionary meanings:

Planting is the process of planting seeds, crops, etc. in the ground for further cultivation ^[14].

Planting is the process of planting something; something that has just been planted ^[18].

So, this synonym has a dictionary meaning: the process of planting plants for the purpose of further cultivation.

The synonym "floriculture" according to the explanatory dictionaries of the English language may have the following meanings:

Floriculture is the cultivation of flowering plants ^[14].

Thus, the specified synonym expresses the meaning: floriculture, that is, the cultivation of flowers.

As a result of the analysis of the obtained meanings of these synonyms and the nuclear lexeme based on dictionaries, it can be concluded that the conceptual component of the concept under study on the material of the English language can be represented in the form of the following near-nuclear features: plant study; preparation and use of soil for growing plants in the garden; landscape design of a garden or park; arrangement of gardens or parks; decorative gardening; planting plants; floriculture.