Kletskin M.V. The interpretation of value relation in ancient history and modern era

Abstract: The subject of this research is the understanding of the category of “good” in philosophy of Plato, Aristotle, and Stoic Zeno. The author examines the establishment of praxeological perception of the value relation in philosophy of the modern era. Realization of the new task of the research suggest resolution of the question regarding nature and essence of the value relation, as well as place of the unconscious reasoning in formation of the existential being. It is necessary to illustrate the causes for establishment of the peculiar ancient perception of good as the highest “idea” of being overall, as well as formation of the content of the notion of “value” in the New European philosophy. The main conclusion consists in the following position: in ancient worldview, a man did not create the world around himself, but rather God, nature, and logos through the man, who instead of consolidation of his authority over nature, was forced to subordinate to the compulsion of necessity. The author also presents the idea that value is the attribute of any subject of existential being, because the soul embodies its immanent demands within them, as well as creates them as the tool for realization of telos.

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