P'yanova M.V., Lavnik R.V. Tax Instruments for Encouraging Investments into Developing Human Capital

Abstract: The subject of the research is the problems arising in the process of encouraging investments into education and health care as priorities of human capital development in today's Russia. The fact that investments into human capital development have been shrunk proves the need to implement instruments of indirect support. The authors of the article analyze the efficient tax legislation in order to structure and evaluate a wide range of privileges aimed at developing human capital. Special attention is paid to international ratings of Russia that prove a low efficiency of tax encouragement instruments used by the country. In order to analyze the structure of tax privileges offered by the Russian government, the authors have used the methods of comparison, analysis of statistical data, description and generalization. Using the method of the graphic presentation of information, analysis and synthesis the authors have described the modern status of Russia in global rating systems; and dynamics and volumes of investments into the human capital development. The main conclusions of the research are the following: 1. Russia is considerably behind the world leaders in international rating systems describing investments into education and public health care. 2. Taking into account the instability of the budget, it is impossible to increase the amount of state investments, thus it is necessary to consider indirect instruments that may encourage the development of human capital. 3. Tax instruments are structured by the authors depending on sources of investments (for legal entities or physical entities) as well as purposes of investments (for education or health care). 4. The volume of tax preferences cannot be considered to be an indicator of efficient development of human capital in Russia. 

Keywords: