Retrospective analysis of the criminal legislation of the Russian Empire on responsibility for extremism (On the 1845 Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishment and Criminal Code of 1903)


	National Security Reference: Beshukova Z.M. Retrospective analysis of the criminal legislation of the Russian Empire on responsibility for extremism (On the 1845 Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishment and Criminal Code of 1903) // National Security. 2015. № 6. P. 810-820. URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=67236 Beshukova Z.M. Retrospective analysis of the criminal legislation of the Russian Empire on responsibility for extremism (On the 1845 Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishment and Criminal Code of 1903) Abstract: This article is dedicated to the retrospective analysis of the legislation of the Russian Empire for actions that would today fall under the category of extremism. The subject of this research is the key positions of the 1845 1845 Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishment and Criminal Code of 1903, representing the prototype of crimes of extremist nature. The author states that actions that fall under the legal definition of extremism are included into the various chapters and sections of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, majority of them pertain to crimes against the foundations of the constitutional structure and security of the state; against public safety and public order. Advancements in the legislation on responsibility for extremism is directly connected to certain historical eras of development of Russian statehood and establishment of the national legal culture. The author analyzes the norms that set the responsibility for political crimes and crimes against religious beliefs. The article presents the continuity of certain legislative decisions on responsibility for crimes of extremist nature by the legislation of Russian Empire and by modern Russian criminal legislation. Keywords: Russian Empire, extremism, political crimes, crimes against religion, Criminal Code, pre-revolutionary legislation, criminal association, social order, incitement of hate, riot This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article References 1. Rozhkov M.B. Ob'ekt bezopasnosti gosudarstva: konstitutsionnyy stroy ili osnovy konstitutsionnogo stroya. URL: http://www.law.edu.ru/doc/document.asp?docID=1115009 2. Ugolovnoe ulozhenie 1903 g. SPb. 1903. S. 34-47. 3. Poznyshev S.V. Osobennaya chast' russkogo ugolovnogo prava. Sravnitel'nyy ocherk vazhneyshikh otdelov Osobennoy chasti starogo i novogo Ulozheniy. M., 1905. S. 381. 4. Ulozhenie o nakazaniyakh ugolovnykh i ispravitel'nykh 1885 g. Izdanie odinnadtsatoe, peresmotrennoe i dopolnennoe. SPb., 1901. S. 266-267. 5. Potseluev E.L. Ugolovnoe ulozhenie 22 marta 1903 g.: prichiny prinyatiya i istoriya sozdaniya // Pravovedenie. – 2003.-№ 3 (248). – S. 187. 6. Beshukova Z.M. Prestupleniya, svyazannye s osushchestvleniem ekstremistskoy deyatel'nosti (sravnitel'no-pravovoe issledovanie): monografiya. Pyatigorsk: RIA-KMV. – 2011. – S. 112-114. 7. Ulozhenie o nakazaniyakh' ugolovnykh' i ispravitel'nykh'. V' Tipografii Vtorago Otdeleniya Sobstvennoy Ego Imperatorskago Velichestva Kantselyarii. SPb., 1845. S. 98-105. 8. Makarov N.E. Istoricheskie i sotsial'nye aspekty politicheskogo ekstremizma // Istoriya gosudarstva i prava. – 2005.-№ 8. – S. 9-14. 9. Beshukova Z.M., Chugaev A.P. O nekotorykh osobennostyakh vovlecheniya molodezhi v sovershenie prestupleniy ekstremistskoy napravlennosti // Molodezhnyy ekstremizm: istoki, preduprezhdenie, profilaktika: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (23-24 maya 2014 g.). V 2-kh ch. Chast' I. – M.: NOU VPO «MPSU», 2014. – S. 312. 10. Beshukova Z.M. Ponyatie ekstremizma: filosofskiy, politicheskiy i pravovoy aspekty // Protivodeystvie etnicheskomu i religioznomu ekstremizmu na Severnom Kavkaze / Materialy mezhregional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (11-14 noyabrya 2009 g.). – Maykop: redaktsionno-izdatel'skiy otdel Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2009. – S. 64. 11. Burkovskaya V.A. Kriminal'nyy religioznyy ekstremizm v sovremennoy Rossii. – M.: Institut pravovykh i sravnitel'nykh issledovaniy, 2005. – S. 4.

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Beshukova Z.M. Retrospective analysis of the criminal legislation of the Russian Empire on responsibility for extremism (On the 1845 Code of Criminal and Correctional Punishment and Criminal Code of 1903)