Translate this page:
Nota Bene. Books, journals, publishing technologies.
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate ☒
Library
 Your profile
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Back to contents

History magazine - researches
Reference:

Kornilova O.V. GULAG prisoners of the second half of the 1930s: contingent of the Vyazem camp according to the articles of conviction and imprisonment terms

Abstract: The GULAGs operated with a differentiated approach to the installation of various prisoner categories in camps. For the Vyazem camp, which was employed for the construction of the Moscow–Minsk highway, the NKVD (the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs) ordered the deployment restriction of a series of convict categories, in the first place of those having convictions on most points of the article 58 of the RSFSR Penal Code. The author sees the main reason for this in the geographic location of the camp. The subdivisions of the Vyazem camp were located in the densely populated central region of the European part of the USSR, some of which – directly in line with Moscow. The author, having analysed the statistical data, demonstrates that the transfer limitations in camps of certain convicted groups was carried out in practice, including at the height of the Great terror’s repressive actions. The share of political prisoners maintained at Vyazem camp, including those convicted on article 58, was many times lower than the average in GULAG camps (in 1939 and 1941 –17 times less). The contained number of convicts of a “criminal-banditism element” (article 59 of the Penal Code) was also minimal. Half of the Vyazem camp prisoners consisted of convicts with an imprisonment term of less than three years, which was not typical for GULAG.

Keywords:

repression statistics, categories of prisoners, convicts, prisoners, Vyazem camp, correctional-labour camp, GULAG, Stalin repressions, Moscow-region camps, highway Moscow–Minsk

This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article


References
1. Batsaev I. D., Kozlov A. G. Dal'stroi i Sevvostlag NKVD SSSR v tsifrakh i dokumentakh: V 2 ch. Ch. 1 (1931–1941). Magadan: SVKNII DVO RAN, 2002. 381 s.
2. Borodkin L. I., Ertts S. Struktura i stimulirovanie prinuditel'nogo truda v GULAGe: Noril'lag, konets 30-kh – nachalo 50-kh gg. // Ekonomicheskaya istoriya: Ezhegodnik. 2003. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. S. 177–233.
3. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1940. ¹ 20.
4. Vedomosti Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1940. ¹ 23.
5. Vert N. Gosudarstvo protiv svoego naroda / Chernaya kniga kommunizma. Prestupleniya, terror, repressii. M.: Tri veka istorii, 2001. 780 s.
6. Vert N. Fenomen stalinskikh lagerei // Vert N. Terror i besporyadok. Stalinizm kak sistema. M.: ROSSPEN. 2010. 448 s.
7. GULAG: Glavnoe upravlenie lagerei. 1918–1960 / Pod red. akad. A. N. Yakovleva; sost.: A. I. Kokurin, N. V. Petrov. M.: MFD, 2002. 888 s.
8. GULAG: Ekonomika prinuditel'nogo truda / Otv. red. L. I. Borodkin, P. Gregori, O. V. Khlevnyuk. M.: ROSSPEN; Fond pervogo prezidenta Rossii B. N. El'tsina, 2008. 320 s.
9. Elantseva O. P. Kto i kak stroil BAM v 30-e gody: Obzory arkh. dokumentov // Otechestvennye arkhivy. 1992. ¹ 5. S. 71–81.
10. Zaklyuchennye na stroikakh kommunizma. GULAG i ob''ekty energetiki v SSSR: Sobranie dokumentov i fotografii / Redkol.: O. V. Khlevnyuk (otv. red.) i dr.; Otv. sost.: O. V. Lavinskaya, Yu. G. Orlova. M.: ROSSPEN, 2008. 448 s.
11. Zemskov V. N. GULAG (istoriko-sotsiologicheskii aspekt) // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 1991. ¹ 6. S. 10–27; ¹ 7. S. 3–16.
12. Zemskov V. N. K voprosu o masshtabakh repressii v SSSR // Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 1995. ¹ 9. S. 118–127.
13. Zemskov V. N. Stalin i narod. Pochemu ne bylo vosstaniya. M.: Algoritm, 2014. 239 s.
14. Ivanova G. M. Istoriya GULAGa. 1918–1958. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskii i politiko-pravovoi aspekty. M.: Nauka, 2006. 438 s.
15. Istoriya stalinskogo Gulaga: konets 1920-kh – pervaya polovina 1950-kh godov: Sobranie dokumentov v 7 tomakh / Redakts. sovet izd.: V. P. Kozlov (pred.) i dr.; Ministerstvo kul'tury i massovykh kommunikatsii RF, Federal'noe arkhivnoe agentstvo, Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv RF, Guverovskii institut voiny, revolyutsii i mira. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. T. 1: Massovye repressii v SSSR / Otv. red. N. Vert, S. V. Mironenko; otv. sostavitel' I. A. Zyuzina. 728 s.
16. Istoriya stalinskogo Gulaga: konets 1920-kh – pervaya polovina 1950-kh godov: Sobranie dokumentov v 7 tomakh / Redakts. sovet izd.: V. P. Kozlov (pred.) i dr.; Ministerstvo kul'tury i massovykh kommunikatsii RF, Federal'noe arkhivnoe agentstvo, Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv RF, Guverovskii institut voiny, revolyutsii i mira. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. T. 2: Karatel'naya sistema: struktura i kadry / Otv. red. i sost. N. V. Petrov. 696 s.
17. Istoriya stalinskogo Gulaga: konets 1920-kh – pervaya polovina 1950-kh godov: Sobranie dokumentov v 7 tomakh / Redakts. sovet izd.: V. P. Kozlov (pred.) i dr.; Ministerstvo kul'tury i massovykh kommunikatsii RF, Federal'noe arkhivnoe agentstvo, Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv RF, Guverovskii institut voiny, revolyutsii i mira. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. T. 3: Ekonomika Gulaga / Otv. red. i sost. O. V. Khlevnyuk. 624 s.
18. Istoriya stalinskogo Gulaga: konets 1920-kh – pervaya polovina 1950-kh godov: Sobranie dokumentov v 7 tomakh / Redakts. sovet izd.: V. P. Kozlov (pred.) i dr.; Ministerstvo kul'tury i massovykh kommunikatsii RF, Federal'noe arkhivnoe agentstvo, Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv RF, Guverovskii institut voiny, revolyutsii i mira. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. T. 4: Naselenie Gulaga: chislennost' i usloviya soderzhaniya / Otv. red.: A. B. Bezborodov, V. M. Khrustalev, sost.: I. V. Bezborodova (otv. sost.), V. M. Khrustalev. M.: ROSSPEN, 2004. 624 s.
19. Kip Dzh., Litvin A. Epokha Iosifa Stalina v Rossii. Sovremennaya istoriografiya. M.: ROSSPEN, 2009. 326 s.
20. Kornilova O. V. Stroitel'stvo avtomagistrali Moskva–Minsk. 1936–1941 gg. // Voprosy istorii. 2012. ¹ 1. S. 149–154.
21. Kornilova O. V. Kak stroili avtomagistral' Moskva–Minsk (1936–1941 gg.) / Pod red. E. V. Kodina. Smolensk: Svitok, 2014. 252 s.
22. Mesyachnye i kvartal'nye svodnye dannye o trudovom ispol'zovanii zaklyuchennykh v ITL NKVD SSSR (rabochaya tablitsa). 1.I–XII.1941 g. // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9414. Op. 1. D. 1161.
23. Petrov N. V. Istoriya imperii GULAG // [Elektronnyi resurs] – URL: http://www.pseudology.org/GULAG/Glava02.htm (data obrashcheniya: 12.12.2014).
24. Popov V. P. Gosudarstvennyi terror v sovetskoi Rossii, 1923–1953 gg. (istochniki i ikh interpretatsiya) // Otechestvennye arkhivy. 1992. ¹ 2. S. 20–32.
25. Sbornik sovershenno sekretnykh prikazov NKVD SSSR za 1936 g. ¹ 007–00428 // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9401. Op. 1. D. 9.
26. Sbornik sekretnykh prikazov NKVD SSSR za 1936 g. // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9401. Op. 1. D. 10.
27. Sbornik sekretnykh prikazov NKVD SSSR za 1936 g. ¹ 03–0158 // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9401. Op. 1. D. 16.
28. Svodki i spravki URO GULAGa NKVD o chislennosti, sostave i trudispol'zovanii z/k z/k I–XII.1938 g. // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9414. Op. 1. D. 1139.
29. Svodnye statisticheskie dannye spravki 2-go otdela GULAGa NKVD SSSR o chislennosti, sostave i trudispol'zovanii zaklyuchennykh po lageryam NKVD. X.1938 g.–XI.1939 g. // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9414. Op. 1. D. 1140.
30. Svodnye dannye o sostave zaklyuchennykh v lageryakh NKVD po forme ¹ 10 na 1 yanvarya 1941 g. (rabochie tablitsy) // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9414. Op. 1. D. 1160.
31. Sistema ispravitel'no-trudovykh lagerei v SSSR. 1923–1960: Spravochnik / Sost. Smirnov M. B.; nauch. red.: Okhotin N. G., Roginskii A. B.; Obshchestvo «Memorial», GARF. M.: Zven'ya, 1998. 599 s.
32. Sovershenno sekretnye prikazy NKVD SSSR za 1938 g. ¹ 001–00530 // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9401. Op. 1. D. 20.
33. Sovershenno sekretnye prikazy NKVD SSSR za 1938 g. ¹ 00573–00847 // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9401. Op. 1. D. 21.
34. Svodki i spravki o chislennosti zaklyuchennykh v ITL i OMZ NKVD–UNKVD. I–X.1938 g. // Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF). F. 9414. Op. 1. D. 1138.
35. Stalinskie stroiki GULAGa. 1930–1953 / Pod red. akad. A. N. Yakovleva; avt.-sost.: A. I. Kokurin, Yu. N. Morukov. M.: MFD, 2005. 568 s.
36. Yunge M., Binner R. Kak terror stal «bol'shim»: Sekretnyi prikaz ¹ 00447 i tekhnologiya ego ispolneniya. M.: AIRO-XX, 2003. 352 s.
37. Bell T. Willson, Elie Marc. A Supplement to the Selected Bibliography of Historical Works on the Gulag (compilers) // Gulag Studies. 4 (2011). 121–126.
38. Egan, David R. Joseph Stalin: an annotated bibliography of English-language periodical literature to 2005. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2007. 504 p.
39. Getty, J. A., Ritterspom, G. T., Zemskov, V. N. Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Prewar Years : A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence // American Historical Review. 1993. Vol. 98. ¹ 4. P. 1017–1049.
40. Keep J. Recent Writing on Stalin’s Gulag: An Overview // Crime, Histoire and Societies. 1997. Vol. 1. ¹ 2. P. 91–112.
41. Mapping the Gulag. Russia’s prison system from the 1930s to the present // [Elektronnyi resurs] – URL: http://www.gulagmaps.org (data obrashcheniya: 12.12.2014).
42. Thurston R. Life and Terror in Stalin’s Russia. 1934–1941. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. 296 p.
43. Werth N. The Crimes of the Stalin Regime: Outline for an Inventory and Classification // The Historiography of Genocide / Dan Stone (ed.). London: Basingstoke, Palgrave, MacMillan, 2008. P. 400–420.
44. Women in the Russian Penal System: The role of distance in the theory and practice of imprisonment in late Soviet and post-Soviet Russia // [Elektronnyi resurs] – URL: http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/research/transformations/projects/russia/ (data obrashcheniya: 12.12.2014).
Nota Bene
 
For authors
 
Other
 
Our sites
© 1998 – 2024 Nota Bene. Publishing Technologies. NB-Media Ltd.