Kozyaikin, N.Y On the issue of sources of advocacy criminalization.

Abstract: The article concerns topical problems of criminal influence of the sphere of activities of modern advocates. The position of an author includes evaluation of the complex of criminologically valuable circumstances of poly-disciplinary legal character, which serve as prerequisites for the criminalization of advocacy. They include deformation of legal conscience and legal nihilism of the defense lawyers, influence of the criminal sub-culture, defects of legal regulation. Provisions of legal services by an advocate does not fall within the scope of entrepreneurial activities, which are aimed at gaining income and making profit. The provision of para. 2 of Art. 1 of the Federal Law of May 31, 2002 N. 62-FZ (ed. of July 2, 2013) “On advocate activities and advocacy in the Russian Federation” according to which advocacy is not entrepreneurial activity sounds quite clear on this issue. In spite of the above, it should be noted that advocates have special status of self-employed subjects providing non-commercial activities via remunerated contracts for legal services. The methodological basis for the scientific article was formed by the current achievements of the theory of cognition. In the process of studies the author used general philosophical, theoretical and empiric methods (dialectics, systemic method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, modeling), traditional legal methods ( formal logic method), and methods typical for specific sociological studies (statistical, expert evaluation, etc.). While studying organizational and legal determining factors for appearance and development of services, the author offers to refer to the position of the renowned representative community of advocates E. Semenyako, who provides the following statement: “we are practically the only country in Europe, where individual entrepreneurs and persons having no legal education are competent to provide legal aid, along with the advocates. As a result while advocates are responsible for the results of their work and gain their status as a result of qualification exams, there are persons, who practice law and state that they “solve any problems starting from avoiding army drafting to termination of criminal cases and early release from prison term”. Such advertisements do not seem to alert anyone, while this may serve as an obvious proof of absence of any order in this sphere, requiring a reform in this sphere.

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