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Taxes and Taxation
Reference:

Yeremenok V. V. Place of effective management criteria in agreements on avoidance of double taxation: the history of emergence and interpretation

Abstract: Within the process of cooperation on tax matters between states, certain sets of rules which are aimed at avoiding international double taxation are developed. The article examines the issue of forming a model rule set to solve the problem of double residency for legal persons. Basing the research on the analysis of international organization’s documents, the author points out the main stages of international tax cooperation. The article provides examples for the model rule formulas, as well as main arguments and reasons for them. The author determined that, within the European economic cooperation, and later in OECD’s work, the main argument used in solving the double residency tax collision was the criteria of place of effective management. The author examines the main approaches to the definition of tax residency of legal entities, based on national Law and practice in Continental Law countries, as well as Common Law countries. The author demonstrates various points of view on defining and interpreting the place of effective management criteria and draws conclusions about the validity of using the substance before form approach in defining tax residency for legal entities using the place of effective management criteria.

Keywords:

Jurisprudence, tax resident, double residency of legal entities, fiscal domicile, primary criterion, place of effective management, place of central management and control, the Vertex doctrine, dominance of substance over form

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