
	History magazine - researches Reference: Mazov S.V. “Lions” under the flags of Lumumba: the revolt in the Congo in 1963–1964 // History magazine - researches. 2012. № 6. P. 77-89. URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=61737 Mazov S.V. “Lions” under the flags of Lumumba: the revolt in the Congo in 1963–1964 Abstract: the article is devoted to the Simba revolt (lions) — one of the most dramatic episodes of the Congo crisis in 1960–1965. It happened as a result of the confrontation of the leftist nationalists and the Westerners. By the beginning of 1964 the West seemed to completely won on the Congolese front of the “Cold War”: with the support of the USSR prime-minister P. Lumumba was killed in 1961, his successor A. Gizenga in custody, soviet embassy was expelled from the country, the government was controlled by Binzen group linked with the CIA. Lumumba’s supporters organized a mass aimed rebellion, brining the government to the verge of collapse. Heavily armed governmental troops were unable to withstand the rebels. The West intervened, sending mercenaries who provided the turning point of the war. Simba responded by with capturing hundreds of hostages in Stanleyville; to release them the operation “Red Dragon” (Belgian troops landing from the U.S. Air Force aircraft) was conducted. By the spring of 1965 the revolt was suppressed. The author used previously unknown documents from the Russian Foreign Ministry on the causes and the nature of the contradictions within the Congolese elite. Keywords: history, the Belgian Congo, the Cold War, P. Lumumba, fables, Simba, Macas, M. Tshombe, the “Red Dragon” operation, Democratic Republic of Congo. This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article References 1. Vinokurov Yu.N., Orlova A.S., Subbotin V.A. Istoriya Zaira v novoe i noveyshee vremya. M., 1982. 2. Mazov S.V. Sovetskaya pomoshch' pravitel'stvu Antuana Gizengi v byvshem Bel'giyskom Kongo, 1960-61 gg. Po materialam rossiyskikh arkhivov // Arkhivy – klyuch k istorii Afriki XX veka. Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii k 75-letiyu prof. A.B. Davidsona. M., 2005. 3. Devlin L. Chief of Station, Congo. A Memoir of 1960-67. New York, 2007. 4. Gleijeses P. Flee! The White Giants Are Coming: The United States, Mercenaries and the Congo, 1964-1965 // Empire and Revolution: the United States and the Third World since 1945 / Eds. P.L. Hann , M.A Heins. Columbus, 2001. 5. Hoare M. Congo Mercenary. London, 1967. 6. Hoyt M. Captive in the Congo. A Consul’s Return to the Heart of Darkness. Annapolis (Md), 2000. 7. Kalb M. The Congo Cables: The Cold War in Africa from Eisenhower to Kennedy. New York., 1982. 8. Nzongola-Ntalaja G. The Congo: From Leopold to Kabila: A People’s History. London; New York, 2002. 9. Reed D. 111 Days in Stanleyville. London, 1966. 10. Verhaegen B. Rébellions au Congo. T. 1. Bruxelles; Léopoldville, 1966. 11. Villafaña F. R. Cold War in the Congo. The Confrontation of Cuban Military Forces, 1960-1967. New Brunswick (N.J.), 2009. 12. Young C. M. Rebellion in the Congo // Protest and Power in Black Africa / Eds. R.I. Rotberg, A.A. Mazrui. New York, 1970.

Journals

Books

Mazov S.V. “Lions” under the flags of Lumumba: the revolt in the Congo in 1963–1964