Spirova, E. M. ‘Detraction’ of a Human in the History of His Understanding

Abstract: Review: According to N. A. Bervyaev, starting from the 19th century the European minds have been “detracting” a human. When saying so, Berdyaev referred to the decline of the Enlightenment conception of an ‘ideal human’ and meant that psychologists and philosophers of those times more focused on negative, pathological features of human nature. Art is an especially bright example of such a tendency. Key words: psychology, human nature, individual, personality, art, the split-up nature of human existence, pathographics, unconsciousness, insanity