Translate this page:
Nota Bene. Books, journals, publishing technologies.
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate ☒
Library
 Your profile
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Back to contents

Politics and Society
Reference:

Nelaeva G.A. Participation of the epistemic community in solution of the problem of rapes during the armed conflicts: work of the medical non-governmental organizations

Abstract:       The term of “epistemic community” is often used in the scientific literature in analyzing the work of experts and their influence upon the political processes. The subject of this research is the epistemic communities of the healthcare workers (first and foremost gynecologists) involved into the work with the victims of rape during the armed conflicts, based on the example of the German organization from Cologne (medica mondiale). The importance of this topic consists not only in the analysis of the work of the expert medical workers, but also the level of their influence on the international criminal processes that deal with sexual violence (particularly, processes in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia). Despite the fact that there is a significant amount of researches on the epistemic communities (for example,  with regards to the international environmental processes or integration within the framework of the European Union), the analysis of epistemic communities pertaining to the problem of sexual assaults as international crimes is absent. The author concludes that although the expert healthcare workers make a significant contribution into the fight of such phenomenon as sexual violations, their closer cooperation with the legal expert networks could become an important step in overcoming the impunity for commission of such crimes.       International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

Keywords:

epistemicheskie soobshchestva, iznasilovaniya, , medika mondiale, mezhdunarodnye tribunaly, mezhdunarodnoe pravo, mezhdunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravosudie, MTBYu, eksperty

This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article


References
1. Fedorchenko A.A.. Pravovoe polozhenie zhertvy prestupleniya kak svidetelya v mezhdunarodnom ugolovnom protsesse // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – ¹ 1. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.1.11556
2. Fedorchenko A.A. Pravo mezhdunarodnykh ugolovnykh tribunalov // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 1.-S.87-103. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.1.11639. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11639.html
3. Shovkrinskii A.Yu. Otkaz gosudarstva ot printsipa trebovaniya ischerpaniya vnutrennikh sredstv pravovoi zashchity v mezhdunarodnom prave // NB: Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. — 2014.-¹ 2.-S.1-19. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2014.2.11874. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/wl/article_11874.html
4. E. S. Molodtsova Rol' mezhdunarodnykh organizatsii v okhrane okruzhayushchei sredy ot radioaktivnogo zagryazneniya // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations.-2011.-3.-C. 6-19.
5. D. E. Vidus. Vopros o gruppakh okhranyaemykh, konventsiei «O preduprezhdenii prestupleniya genotsida i nakazanii za nego» i identifikatsii zhertv genotsida // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2012. – ¹ 3. – S. 104-107.
6. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2008) Global appeal 2009 update. Democratic Republic of the Congo. URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4922d4100.pdf, data obrashcheniya 07.09.2014.
7. The Right Livelihood Award 2008. Acceptance Speech by Monika Hauser Dec 8th, 2008. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Reden/Stockholm_acceptance_speech_Monika_Hauser_081208.pdf, data obrashcheniya 05.09.2014.
8. The Prosecution of Gender-based Sexualized Violence in War. International Humanitarian Law Human Rights Law, UN Ad hoc Tribunals, and the International Criminal Court. A Resource Manual. medica mondiale. February 2009. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Gerechtigkeit/medica_mondiale-Prosecution_of_Gender-based_sexualized_Violence_in_war_-_Resource_Manual_-_Feb_2009.pdf, data obrashcheniya 03.09.2014.
9. The Crushing Burden of Rape. Sexual Violence in Darfur. A briefing paper // Medecins Sans Frontiers. Amsterdam. March 8, 2005. URL: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2005/sudan03.pdf, data obrashcheniya 03.09.2014.
10. Stiglmayer A.(ed.) Mass Rape. The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.
11. Swiss S, Giller J.E. Rape as a Crime of War. A Medical Perspective // Journal of American Medical Association. Vol.270, 1993. Ps. 612-615.
12. Speech of Gabriela Mischkowski: The Bangladesh Genocide and the Issue of Justice – international Conference, Heidelberg, July 4-5, 2013. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Reden/2013/130703_The-Trouble-with-Rape-Trials_CR-Mischkowski_medica-mondiale.pdf, data obrashcheniya 05.09.2014.
13. Speech by Monika Hauser Executive Member of the Managing Board of medica mondiale. North South Center Award Ceremony Council of Europe Lisbon, 21st May 2013. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Reden/2013/North-South-Prize-Speech_Monika-Hauser_medica-mondiale.pdf, data obrashcheniya 03.09.2014.
14. Rape in War Is Common, Devastating, and Too Often Ignored // The PLoS Medicine Editors, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2009. URL: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000021, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
15. Shattered Lives. Immediate medical care for sexual violence victims. Medecins Sans Frontiers. March 2009. URL: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2009/MSF_Shattered-Lives_Sexual-Violence.pdf, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
16. Tol W. A.et al. Sexual and gender-based violence in areas of armed conflict: a systematic review of mental health and psychosocial support interventions // Conflict and Health, Vol. 7, 2013.
17. Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No.ICTR-96-4-T, Judgement, 2 September 1998.
18. Pilch F. T. Sexual Violence: NGOs and the Evolution of International Humanitarian Law / in Carey, H.F. and Richmond, O.P. (eds.) Mitigating Conflict. The Role of NGOs, . London, Portland: Frank Cass, 2003. Ps.90-102.
19. Prosecutor v. Dragoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovac and Zoran Vukovic, Case No. IT-96-23-T, Judgement, 22 February 2001.
20. Progress or Stagnation? A Decade of UN Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security –The Implementation of the Resolution: Taking Liberia as an Example. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Positionspapiere/Policy_paper_1325__medica_mondiale_Juni_2011_engl.pdf, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
21. Odio-Benito E. Interview / In Sharatt S., Kaschak E. (eds.). Assault on the Soul: Women in the former Yugoslavia. The Haworth Press, Inc., 1999. P. 44.
22. Nelaeva G. The Impact of Transnational Advocacy Networks on the Prosecution of Wartime Rape and Sexual Violence: The Case of the ICTR // International Social Science Review Vol. 85, No. 1-2, 2010. Ps. 3-28.
23. medica mondiale’s concept of trauma and human rights work. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/infothek/broschueren-materialien/?L=1, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
24. Mischkowski G., Mlinarevic G. (2009). ‘The Trouble with Rape Trials – Views of Witnesses, Prosecutors and Judges on Prosecuting Sexualised Violence during the War in the former Yugoslavia’. Introduction by Monika Hauser. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Gerechtigkeit/medica_mondiale_Zeuginnenstudie_englisch_december_2009.pdf, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
25. medica mondiale statute. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/08_%C3%9Cber_uns/Statutes_medica_mondiale_050126.pdf, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
26. medica mondiale. 2008. ‘The Impact of Gender-Based Violence on Females Reproductive Health’. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/fileadmin/content/07_Infothek/Afghanistan/Afghanistan_females_reproductive_health_medica_mondiale_2008_UNFPA.pdf, data obrashcheniya 03.09.2014.
27. Mcevoy K., McGregor, L. (eds). Transitional Justice from Below. Grassroots Activism and the Struggle for Change. Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2008.
28. medica mondiale factsheet: 20 years medica mondiale. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/infothek/broschueren-materialien/?L=1, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
29. Litfin K. T. Ozone Discourses: Science and Politics in Global Environmental Cooperation. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
30. Khagram S., Riker J.V., Sikkink K. Restructuring World Politics. Transnational Social Movements, Networks and Norms. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
31. Johnson K. and others. Association of Combatant Status and Sexual Violence With Health and Mental Health Outcomes in Postconflict Liberia // Journal of American Medical Association Vol. 300, No. 6, 2008. Ps.676-690.
32. Keck M., Sikkink K. Activists Beyond borders. Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998.
33. Human Rights Watch. The war within the war: Sexual violence against women and girls in Eastern Congo, 2002. URL: http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/drc/Congo0602.pdf, data obrashcheniya 07.09.2014.
34. Fedorchenko A.A. Protsessual'nye prava postradavshikh v sudebnykh razbiratel'stvakh mezhdunarodnykh ugolovnykh tribunalov ad hoc // NB: Voprosy prava i politiki. — 2014.-¹ 4.-S.208-224. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2014.4.11695. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/lr/article_11695.html
35. How medica mondiale came to life. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/index.php?id=91&L=1, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
36. Howorth J. Discourse, Ideas and Epistemic Communities in European Security and Defence Policy’ // West European Politics, Vol. 27, No.2, 2004. Ps. 211–234.
37. Haas P. Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination // International Organization, Vol. 46, No. 1, 1992. Ps. 1-35.
38. Yachin S.E., Smirnova M.Yu. Ot ekspertnykh k epistemicheskim soobshchestvam: k transformatsii institutsional'nykh ramok vlasti znaniya v sovremennom mire // Informatsionnoe obshchestvo. Vyp. 1, 2012, s. 39-48.
39. Askin K.D. Prosecuting Wartime Rape and Other Gender-Related Crimes under International Law: Extraordinary Advances, Enduring Obstacles // Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2003, Ps. 288-349.
40. Basic Principles of our work. medica mondiale official website. URL: http://www.medicamondiale.org/ueber-uns/grundsaetze-unserer-arbeit/?L=1, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
41. Baulton P. and others. Interventions for Depression Symptoms Among Adolescent Survivors of War and Displacement in Northern Uganda. A Randomized Controlled Trial // Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 295, No. 5, 2007, Ps. 519-527.
42. Buss D. Prosecuting Mass Rape: Prosecutor v Gradoljub Kunarac, Radomir Kovac and Zoran Vukovic // Feminist Legal Studies, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2002, Ps. 91-99.
43. Doctors without Borders website. URL: http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news/issue.cfm?id=3466#sthash.B62tKU74.dpuf, data obrashcheniya 09.09.2014.
44. Eriksen E.O., Fossum J.E. Democracy through Strong Publics in the European Union? // Journal of Common Market Studies Vol. 40, No. 3, 2002. Ps. 401–424.
45. Fox F. Conditioning the Right to Humanitarian Aid? Human Rights and the ‘New Humanitarianism’, in Chandler, D. (ed.) Rethinking Human Rights, ps. 19-37. Palgrave Macmillan,2002.
46. Gardam J. G., Jarvis, M.J. Women, Armed Conflict and International Law. The Hague/London/Boston: Klewer Law International, 2001.
47. Fedorchenko A.A.. Vozmeshchenie ushcherba postradavshim mezhdunarodnymi ugolovnymi tribunalami // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. – 2014. – ¹ 2. – S. 104-107. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2014.2.1169
48. Lykov A.Yu. Mezhdunarodnoe soobshchestvo kak stadiya politiko-pravovoi evolyutsii // Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii / International Law and International Organizations. - 2013. - 2. - C. 168 - 177. DOI: 10.7256/2226-6305.2013.2.7786.
Nota Bene
 
For authors
 
Other
 
Our sites
© 1998 – 2024 Nota Bene. Publishing Technologies. NB-Media Ltd.