Parkhomenko, R. N. Creation of Democratic Teachings in England and France (XVII — XVIII Centuries)

Abstract: The author of the article describes how the democratic teachings were created in England and France and then formed the theory of the Early Modern Period based on the attempts of the noble class to oppose the rights of the estate representation to the absolute monarchy gaining political importance. For example, in France the idea of representation as a guarantee of personal freedom was the result of the attempts made towards the development of the Early Modern Period. The same thing was right for the English scientists. Further, the development of English democratic ideas resulted in declaration of individual rights as unalienable, natural and independent from the representation of people. Generally speaking, it may be noted that “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” was a result of the combination of the natural law theories and methodological stereotypes of rationalism. The research method used by the author involved the analysis of a great number of both Russian and foreign sources which have been understudied in our country. When describing the development of liberal ideas in France during XVII — XVIII centuries, the author has used the experience of both English political philosophy and constitutional monarchy as well as the system of the political order in the USA. The theoretical outcome of the development of the political thought in the USA, in its turn, was defined by the English bourgeois revolution of the XVIIth century and English political theorists of the XVII — XVIIIth centuries. In the USA theoretical concepts of the liberal state order were successfully implemented in practical politics and proved to be strong and sustainable which made their reception especially attractive in France.

Keywords: