Berg, L. N. The Main Stages of the Russian Legal Policy in the Sphere of Scientific Activity

Abstract: For the purpose of understanding the legal policy of the Russian government in the sphere of scientific activity regulation, the author analyzes the concept of “state scientific policy”. According to the author, the legal policy in the sphere of scientific activity regulation can be defined as a political legal mechanism of regulating scientific activity aimed at gaining and application of new knowledge at a certain stage of the historical development of society and state institution. Legal policy in the sphere of scientific activity regulation has a very difficult and diverse structure. In particular, it is possible to define and analyze stages of the legal policy in the sphere of scientific activity regulation. The author of the article analyzes the stages of the Russian legal policy in the sphere of scientific activity regulation. Even though the scope of the research does not cover the stages of the legal policy in the sphere of scientific activity during the Soviet Period, the author provides a general description of that period which undoubtedly had certain influence thereto. Out of all research methods the author has used the systems and schemes of scientific thinking providing a deep insight into the topic of research, classical logic, activity theory and etc. The author has also used the system approach which allowed to find out and describe results at a higher level. The author has also used the other methods allowing to obtain and process valid empirical materials. The priority of the legal policy in the sphere of the Soviet science was the mobilization of science for the needs of state building. Typical features included: etatism, attraction of scientific organizations and particular scientists to applied scientific researches performed for socialistic purposes and funding of scientific researches out of state budget. To define particular stages in the development of the Russian legal policy, the author studies whether the main draft or standard regulatory acts were present during particular periods of time. Results of the analysis of stages of legal policy in the sphere of scientific activity allow to conclude that the administrative — commanding method of government with a dominating type of permissible legal regulation remains the leading method of regulation in the sphere of science administration.

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