Translate this page:
Nota Bene. Books, journals, publishing technologies.
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate ☒
Library
 Your profile
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Back to contents

Politics and Society
Reference:

Georgievsky, E. V. On the Question About Socio-Political and Cultural-Religious Grounds of Ancient German Genesis of Criminal Law

Abstract: The subject under review is the historical process of the genesis of criminal law in Ancient German tribes prior to the formation of the fi rst Barbarian kingdoms of the Merovingian epoch. The grounds for that genesis of law were the combination of socio-political and cultural-religious features of the seminomadic style of life and everyday life of Ancient Germans, their hostility, love for freedom and ‘the rule of force’. Peculiarities of community-based organizations and poetical mythopoetic refl ection of the surrounding world, combined as one whole, led to the formation of a completely different legal perception of Germans of the times of Caesar and Tacitus. The researcher uses the particular historical research method which is based on the analysis and scientifi c interpretation of historical and legal materials. Appearance of Ancient German tribes on the historical scene was caused by their migration and change of the territory which, in its turn, inevitably led to military collusions with the native population of conquered lands. This is where the rule of force comes from. The rule of force creates a special image of a warrior who underwent the initiation procedure and became a free legal entity. A captured enemy is an alien and not only an enemy but also a criminal who deserves the most severe punishment for showing resistance. The 'rule of force' and the 'right of war' are sanctioned by the supreme anthropomorphic gods who are close and understandable and therefore worthy of respect or blame. However, a heroic enemy sometimes can be worthy of respect too. The freedom of a legal entity is expressed in his right to fully participate in public life and decision making process regarding war and peace and justice. Even though the legal side of public life was not viewed as an individual sphere, it was invariant and at the same time simple and easy to understand for everyone. Legal customs were mostly formed by the social and political structure of the Ancient German society and at the same time they were inextricably entwined with religion which was susceptible to transformation, too. In many ways, the nature of the law genesis of Ancient Germans had a criminal law aspect because it was inseparably related to the solution of the most important issues (death, life, honor and blood feud) which had been initially referred to that sphere of legal regulation all over the world.

Keywords:

law genesis, Ancient Germany, war, captive (prisoner), victim, Gauls, religion, mythology, opposition, Christianity.

This article can be downloaded freely in PDF format for reading. Download article


References
1. Adam Bremenskii, Gel'mol'd iz Bosau, Arnol'd Lyubekskii Sla-vyanskie khroniki / Per. s lat. I.V. D'yakonova, L.V Razumovskii, redaktor-sostavitel' I.A. Nastenko. – M.: «SPSL», «Russkaya panorama», 2011. – 584 s.
2. Anners E. Istoriya evropeiskogo prava / E. Anners. – M.: Nauka, 1994. – 395 s.
3. Bartelemi D. Rytsarstvo: Ot drevnei Germanii do Frantsii XII v. Per. s frants. M.Yu. Nekrasova / D. Bartelemi. – SPb.: EVRAZIYa, 2012. – 584 s.
4. Berner A. F. Uchebnik ugolovnogo prava: Chast' obshchaya. Chasti obshchaya i osobennaya: S primechaniyami, prilozheniyami i dopolneniyami po istorii russkogo prava i zakonodatel'stvu polozhitel'nomu. T. 1; Prim.: Neklyudov N. / A.F. Berner. – SPb.: Tip. N. Tiblena i komp., 1865. – 447 s.
5. Blok M. Feodal'noe obshchestvo: Per. s frants. M.Yu. Kozhevnikovoi / M. Blok. – M.: Izd-vo im. Sabashnikovykh, 2003. – 503 s.
6. Buslaev F. Istoricheskie ocherki russkoi narodnoi slovesnosti i iskusstva. T. 1 / F. Buslaev. – SPb.: V tip. tovarishchestva «Obshche-stvennaya pol'za», 1861. – 643 s.
7. Vvedenie v germanskuyu filologiyu: Uchebnik dlya filologicheskikh fakul'tetov / M.G. Arsen'eva i dr. – M.: GIS, 2000. – 314 s.
8. Gratsianskaya L.I. Strabon i ritorika // Vostochnaya Evropa v drevnosti i srednevekov'e. Problemy istochnikovedeniya. Chteniya pamyati chlena-korrespondenta AN SSSR V.T. Pashuto. Moskva, 18 – 20 aprelya 1990 g. – M.: In-t istorii AN SSSR, 1990. S. 39 – 40.
9. Gratsianskii N.P. Iz sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoi istorii zapadno-evropeiskogo srednevekov'ya. Sbornik statei / N.P. Gratsianskii. – M.: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960. – 407 s.
10. Gurevich A.Ya. Dialektika sud'by u germantsev i drevnikh skandinavov // Mifologema zhenshchiny-sud'by u drevnikh kel'tov i germantsev. – M.: Indrik, 2005. S. 12 – 22.
11. Gurevich A.Ya. Kategorii srednevekovoi kul'tury / A.Ya. Gurevich. – M.: Iskusstvo, 1984. – 318 s.
12. Danilova G.M. Vozniknovenie feodal'nykh otnoshenii u frankov VI – VII vv. / G.M. Danilova. – Petrozavodsk: Gos. izd-vo Karel'skoi ASSR, 1969. – 260 s.
13. Del'bryuk G. Istoriya voennogo iskusstva v ramkakh politicheskoi istorii. T. 2: Germantsy / G. Del'bryuk. – SPb.: «Nauka», «Yuventa», 1999. – 352 s.
14. Drevnyaya Rus' v svete zarubezhnykh istochnikov: Uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov vuzov: Pod red. E.A. Mel'nikovoi. – M.: Izd. korporatsiya «Logos», 1999. – 608 s.
15. Dyumezil' Zh. Verkhovnye bogi indoevropeitsev. Per. s frants. T.V. Tsiv'yan / Zh. Dyumezil'. – M.: Glavnoe izdatel'stvo vostochnoi literatury izd-va «Nauka», 1986. – 234 s.
16. Zapiski Yuliya Tsezarya i ego prodolzhatelei o gall'skoi voine, o grazhdanskoi voine, ob aleksandriiskoi voine, ob afrikanskoi voine: Per. i komment. M.M. Pokrovskogo. – M. – L.: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1948. – 559 s.
17. Ivanov V.V., Toporov V.N. Drevnee slavyanskoe pravo: arkhaichnye mifopoeticheskie osnovy i istochniki v svete yazyka // Formirovanie rannefeodal'nykh slavyanskikh narodnostei. – M.: Nauka, 1981. – S. 10 – 31.
18. Iordan O proiskhozhdenii i deyaniyakh getov. Vstup. Stat'ya, perevod, komment. E.Ch. Skrzhinskoi / Iordan. – M.: Izd-vo vostochnoi literatury, 1960. – 435 s.
19. Istoriya Germanii: uchebnoe posobie. V 3 t. / Pod obshch. red. B. Bonvecha, Yu.V. Galaktionova. – M.: KDU, 2008. T. 1: S drevneishikh vremen do sozdaniya Germanskoi imperii / Otv. red. S.A. Vasyutin, E.P. Glushanin. – 544 s.
20. Istoriya srednikh vekov: Pod red. A.D. Udal'tsova, E.A. Kosminskogo, O.L. Vanshteina. T. 1. – M.: OGIZ, 1941. – 504 s.
21. Kovalev I.V. Ocherki istorii Germanii s drevneishikh vremen do 1918 g. / I.V. Kovalev, M.A. Kogan, I.M. Krivouz, R.S. Mnukhina. – M.: Gos. uch.-ped. izd-vo Min. Pros. RSFSR, 1959. – 357 s.
22. Kolmykov P. O simvolizme prava voobshche i russkogo v osobennosti / P. Kolmykov. – SPb.: V tip. Karla Kraiya, 1839.
23. Kosven M.O. Semeinaya obshchina i patronimiya / M.O. Kosven. – M.: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1963. – 218 s.
24. Kotel'nikova L.A. Feodalizm i gorod v Italii v VIII – XV vekakh. Po materialam tsentral'nykh i severnykh oblastei: Otv. red. V.I. Rutenburg / L.A. Kotel'nikova. –M.: Nauka, 1987. – 253 s.
25. Kutorga M. Politicheskoe ustroistvo germantsev do shestogo stoletiya / M. Kutorga. – SPb.: Pechatano v tip. Kh. Gintse, 1837. – 115 s.
26. Lamprekht K. Istoriya germanskogo naroda. T. 1. Per. s nem. P. Nikolaeva / K. Lamprekht. – M.: Tipolitografiya V. Rikhter, 1894. – 608 s.
27. Lafitskii V.I. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie v obrazakh prava. T. 1 / V.I. Lafitskii. – M.: Statut, 2010. – 429 s.
28. Mal'tsev G.V. Kul'turnye traditsii prava: monografiya / G.V. Mal'tsev. – M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2013. – 608 s.
29. Meletinskii E.M. «Edda» i rannie formy eposa / E.M. Meletinskii. – M.: Nauka, 1968. – 363 s.
30. Pavlov-Sil'vanskii N.P. Simvolizm v drevnem russkom prave // Zhurnal ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya. – 1905. – iyun' (chast' CCCLIX). – S. 339 – 365.
31. Petrushevskii D.M. Ocherki iz istorii srednevekovogo obshchestva i gosudarstva / D.M. Petrushevskii. – M.: Gos. izd-vo, 1922. – 298 s.
32. Sorokina E.A. Status sem'i u drevnikh germantsev (k probleme semanticheskoi rekonstruktsii) // Indoevropeiskoe yazykoznanie i klassicheskaya filologiya. – 2009. – T. XIII.-¹ 1. – S. 483 – 492.
33. Starshaya Edda. Drevneislandskie pesni o bogakh i geroyakh: Per. A.I. Korsuna; Red., vstupit. stat'ya i komment. M.I. Steblin-Kamenskogo. – M. – L.: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1963. – 259 s.
34. Stefanovich P.S. Druzhinnyi stroi v Drevnei Rusi i u drevnikh germantsev: sushchestvovala li klyatva vernosti vozhdyu (pravitelyu)? // Drevnyaya Rus'. Voprosy medievistiki. – 2008.-¹ 2.
35. Strabon Geografiya. V 17-ti knigakh: Pod obshch. red. S.L. Utchenko / Strabon. – L.: Izd-vo «Nauka», 1964. – 941 s.
36. Tatsit Kornelii Sochineniya v 2 t. T. 1: Annaly. Malye proizvedeniya: Izd. podgot. A.S. Bobovich, Ya.M. Borovskii, M.E. Sergeenko / Kornelii Tatsit. – L.: Izd-vo «Nauka», 1969. – 443 s.
37. Toporova T.V. Semanticheskaya struktura drevnegermanskoi modeli mira / T.V. Toporova. – M.: Radiks, 1994. – 190 s.
38. Turygin A.A. Formy legitimatsii korolevskoi vlasti v srednevekovoi germanskoi istorii // Vestnik rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. – 2010.-¹ 14. – S. 88 – 96.
39. Tsezar' Gai Yulii Zapiski o voine s gallami. Kniga 1: S vved. i komment. S.I. Sobolevskogo / Gai Yulii Tsezar'. – M.: Izd-vo lit. na inostr. yazykakh, 1946. – 191 s.
40. Shalyutin B.S. Pravogenez kak faktor stanovleniya obshchestva i cheloveka // Voprosy filosofii. – 2011.-¹ 11. – S. 14 – 26.
41. Elize R. Chelovek i zemlya. T. 3: Drevnyaya i novaya istoriya: Per. s frants. P.Yu. Shmidta / R. Elize. – SPb.: Tip. Akts. Obshch. Brokgauz-Efron, 1907. – 622 s.
42. G. V. Stankevich Religioznye faktory v politike sovremennykh gosudarstv // Pravo i politika. - 2011. - 7. - C. 1096 - 1100.
Nota Bene
 
For authors
 
Other
 
Our sites
© 1998 – 2024 Nota Bene. Publishing Technologies. NB-Media Ltd.