Dobrynin, N.M., Mitin, A.N. Cui prodest: Russia in the WTO.

Abstract: The President of Russia V.V. Putin signed the Federal Law on ratifi cation of the Protocol, by which Russia joins the Marrakesh Agreement on the formation of the WTO of April 15, 1994. This protocol establishes the membership of the Russian Federation in the WTO. Several days earlier the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation examined the constitutionality of this protocol, as it was demanded by the opposition, which did not know what the Government agrees to during the lengthy negotiations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) facilitates the ideas of liberalization of international trade, which in the opinion of many foreign and Russian scientists, are much mifologized. Therefore, there is need for the state protectionism, or so say the critics of the global free trade. For many developing states, which joined the WTO, it brought growth of unemployment, the national companies were pressed by the transnational companies. The law of the WTO have priority over the national legislation, and they provide for a specifi c way of development of the state economics, where the interests of international capital are of greater value, than the interests of the people of the WTO member states. The WTO member states understand that the requirements of the WTO coincide with the requirements for the credits of the WTB and IMF, which closely cooperate with the WTO. Liberalization of international trade directly infl uences the agriculture, which is export-oriented in the developed states. It, in turn, leads to the local markets being overfi lled with the subsidized products. In order to provide for the competitiveness of the Russian goods the adaptation period of 2 to 7 years is provided, and the support to the agriculture shall be up to 9 billion US dollars. How shall Russia manage to use it effi ciently? There are no guarantees that the requirements of the WTO shall be fulfi lled by all of the participants of the agricultural production, and many segments of agriculture shall simply vanish. The opponents of the WTO in Russia consider that the foreigners shall have about 15% of the domestic market in addition to the 15%, which they have already. The supporters of the WTO also have their own arguments. However the real balance of losses and gains, which Russia shall have after it enters the zone of free trade shall depend solely on the professionalism of economical policy of the Russian government.

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