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Psychology and Psychotechnics
Reference:

Methods of psychotherapeutic correction of the emotional state of drug addicts in the process of treatment and rehabilitation measures

Rublyova Tatiana

ORCID: 0000-0003-0569-9116

PhD in Medicine

Associate Professor, Department of forensic science, Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation

660131, Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk, Rokossovsky str., 20

tat-rubleva@yandex.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 
Lisnyak Marina

PhD in Medicine

Associate professor, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

660022, Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk, Partizan Zheleznyak str., 1

lisnyakm@mail.ru

DOI:

10.7256/2454-0722.2023.3.43582

EDN:

XPNDZI

Received:

16-07-2023


Published:

18-09-2023


Abstract: The research is devoted to the study of the emotional sphere of psychoactive substance users at the stage of rehabilitation. The aim of the study is to compare the content and dynamic characteristics of the emotional state of patients with chemical dependence who receive and do not receive psychotherapeutic help. Subject of research: the possibility of correcting the emotional state of drug addicts through the use of art therapy methods. Experimental research base: rehabilitation center (Krasnoyarsk). Experimental sample of the study: 24 drug-addicted men aged 25 to 40 years. Research methods: the study of the locus of control of J. The study of the level of anxiety (the scale of C.D. Spielberger, Y.L. Khanin); the Rosenzweig test "The technique of pictorial frustration"). Data processing was carried out using the program "SPSS Statistics 21". The reliability of the differences between the indicators in the experimental group and the comparison group was calculated using the U-Mann-Whitney criterion for independent samples. The results of the study showed that a psychocorrection program with elements of art therapy can relieve emotional tension, reduce anxiety and frustration. In addition, the shift of the locus of control towards the internal type contributes to an increase in the level of responsibility for one's own actions and a decrease in the level of aggressiveness. And increasing the level of social adaptation improves interaction within the group, which leads to a decrease in the number of external and internal conflicts. Additionally, patients' motivation for recovery increases due to the support of the group, which is very important for the effective and successful completion of the rehabilitation program. The obtained data and the proposed psychocorrection program can be used by medical psychologists in working with drug-dependent patients to correct their emotional state during treatment and rehabilitation measures.


Keywords:

drug addicts, drug addiction, psychological characteristics of drug addicts, rehabilitation, psychocorrection program, art therapy, treatment and rehabilitation process, U-Mann-Whitney criterion, psychotherapeutic assistance, drug addiction motivation

This article is automatically translated.

Introduction.

Substance abuse undoubtedly leads to deterioration of physical and mental health, followed by the formation of addiction, and often the death of the patient.

Despite this, there are no fewer drug abusers. Thus, "the indicator of the general incidence of drug addiction in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2022 amounted to 162.0 cases per 100 thousand people of the population, which is higher than the indicator of the Russian Federation (155.5) – by 4.0 percent. Growth to the level of 2021 (4,566 people or 159.8 per 100 thousand people of the population) amounted to 1.4 percent" [4].

According to the data of medical and preventive organizations, "693 cases of acute poisoning as a result of the toxic effect of narcotic substances were registered in the region in 2022, which is 204 cases more than in 2021 (489), of which 509 cases resulted in a fatal outcome (registration form No. 58-1/y "Emergency notification of acute chemical poisoning etiology)"" [5].

In this regard, problematic issues of the organization of drug abuse prevention, including rehabilitation of various categories of drug addicts using psychotherapeutic measures, have been relevant for many years. And one of the important tasks is the search and improvement of methods and techniques to restore the health of a person suffering from addiction.

According to the researchers, "rehabilitation of people with drug addiction will be more effective if we take into account not only the physiological aspect used in the medical paradigm, but also the psychological one" [13].

"Currently, the most common and effective option for the socio-psychological rehabilitation of drug addicts is participation in rehabilitation programs that use various methods of psychotherapeutic and psychocorrective support in their arsenal" [11].

The introduction of these forms of work into practical rehabilitation activities makes it possible for a dependent person not only to change their mental habits, but to gain or restore work skills that will allow them to adapt and realize themselves in society.

For example, "techniques based on the suggestion of positive images have shown good dynamics in the formation of commitment to rehabilitation and sustainable remission" [9].

Cognitive training based on mnemonic techniques and exercises led to improved memory and attention in opiate addicts [16, 17].

The methods of fairy tale therapy "were an effective tool and provided positive dynamics of psychophysiological indicators in people with drug-dependent behavior" [6, 7].

"Along with cognitive behavioral and family psychotherapy, psychodrama can be used" [12], which studies the emotional sphere and object relations of drug addicts.

Recently, the methods of art therapy and art therapy based on the therapeutic use of fine arts and other forms of creative expression have aroused considerable interest in our country [1, 3, 8, 14, 15, 19].

In therapeutic and psychocorrective practice, art therapy is a set of techniques based on the use of different types of art in a kind of symbolic form, allowing by stimulating artistic and creative manifestations of a person to correct violations of various processes [2, 20, 21, 22].

In our opinion, the use of art therapy as a method of psychotherapeutic correction of emotional state in people with chemical dependence in the process of treatment and rehabilitation measures is very effective.

Materials and methods.

To confirm this hypothesis, a study was conducted on the basis of a rehabilitation center for people with drug addiction (Krasnoyarsk). The study sample consisted of 24 patients who had passed the detoxification period.

At the first stage, the assessment of the features of the emotional state of patients was carried out using such methods as: the study of the locus of control of J. The study of the level of anxiety (the scale of C.D. Spielberger, Y.L. Khanin); the Rosenzweig test "The technique of pictorial frustration".

The results revealed the following negative emotional states: a high level of reactive and personal anxiety, an increased level of frustration and low social adaptation, a tendency to an external locus of control, anxiety and aggressiveness.

At the next stage of the study, the authors developed and implemented a psychocorrection program with elements of art therapy in the main group (12 subjects who gave voluntary informed consent). The course of the program was 3 months and consisted of 12 sessions lasting from 90 to 135 minutes, including such forms of work as lectures, conversations, meditation, isotherapy, maskotherapy, drama therapy, etc.

The structure of the psychocorrection program and the analysis of the effectiveness of its results in the experimental group were presented in detail earlier [18].

At the final stage of the study, a repeated examination of patients of the experimental (group A) and control groups (group B, respondents who did not participate in the implementation of the psychocorrection program) was carried out using the same techniques as at the stage of the primary study.

Statistical processing of test data was carried out using the program "SPSS Statistics 21". The reliability of the differences between the indicators in the experimental group and the comparison group was calculated using the U-Mann-Whitney criterion for independent samples [10].

Results and discussion.

Comparative analysis of the study of the locus of control of J. The rotter based on the results of the secondary study between group A and group B is shown in Figure 1.

 

Figure 1 – Comparative analysis of the study of the locus of control of J. Rotter

Figure 1 – Comparative analysis of the study of the locus of control of J. Rotter

 

In this case, there is a positive trend in increasing the level of internality in group A compared to group B.

To compare two samples with each other, we use the U-Mann-Whitney criterion to evaluate the differences.

We calculate the rank sums for the sample, we get the value of Uemp = 28, we compare the value of Uemp and Ucr.

Ucr=}31 (p?0.01) and 42 (p?0.05).

Uemp<Ucr (28<42) at the significance level p?0.05). The differences in the results of the study are statistically significant (p?0.05).

Thus, a comparative analysis of the data of the secondary study using the U-Mann-Whitney criterion showed that the results of the psychocorrection program indicate a positive dynamics of changes in the level of internality in the experimental group relative to the control group.

A comparative analysis of the study of the level of reactive anxiety (the scale of C.D. Spielberger, Y.L. Khanin) based on the results of a secondary study between group A and group B is presented in Figure 2.

 

Figure 2 – Comparative analysis of the study of the level of reactive anxiety

Figure 2 – Comparative analysis of the study of the level of reactive anxiety

 

The diagram shows that there is a positive trend in reducing the level of reactive anxiety in group A compared to group B.

To compare two samples with each other, we use the U-Mann-Whitney criterion to assess differences [7].

We calculate the rank sums for the sample, we get the value of Uemp = 21.5, we compare the value of Uemp and Ucr.

Ucr=}31 (p?0.01) and 42 (p?0.05).

Uemp<Ucr (21.5<42) at the significance level p?0.05). The differences in the results of the study are statistically significant (p?0.05).

Thus, a comparative analysis of the data of the secondary study of group A and group B showed that the results of the psychocorrection program indicate a decrease in the level of reactive anxiety in experimental group A relative to control group B.

 

A comparative analysis of the study of the level of personal anxiety based on the results of a secondary study between group A and group B is presented in Figure 3.

 

Figure 3 – Comparative analysis of the study of the level of personal anxiety

Figure 3 – Comparative analysis of the study of the level of personal anxiety

It can be seen from the presented diagram that there is a positive trend in reducing the level of personal anxiety in group A compared to group B.

To compare two samples with each other, we use the U-Mann-Whitney criterion to assess differences [7].

We calculate the rank sums for the sample, we get the value of Uemp = 30, compare the value of Uemp and Ucr.

Ucr=}31 (p?0.01) and 42 (p?0.05).

Uemp<Ucr (30<42) at the significance level p?0.05). The differences in the results of the study are statistically significant (p?0.05).

Thus, a comparative analysis of the data of the secondary study using the U-Mann-Whitney criterion showed that the results of the psychocorrection program indicate positive dynamics, namely, a decrease in the level of personal anxiety in the experimental group relative to the control group.

A decrease in the indicators of a high level of reactive and personal anxiety indicates a more stable emotional state of the subjects.

A comparative analysis of the level of social adaptation (Rosenzweig test) between group A and group B is presented in Figure 4.

 

 

Figure 4 – Comparative analysis of the study of the level of social adaptation

Figure 4 – Comparative analysis of the study of the level of social adaptation

 

It can be seen from the presented diagram that there is a positive trend in reducing the level of social adaptation in group A compared to group B.

To compare two samples with each other, we use the U-Mann-Whitney criterion to assess differences [7].

We calculate the rank sums for the sample, we get the value of Uemp = 31, compare the value of Uemp and Ucr.

Ucr=}31 (p?0.01) and 42 (p?0.05).

Uemp<Ucr (31<42) at the significance level p?0.05). The differences in the results of the study are statistically significant (p?0.05).

Thus, a comparative analysis of the secondary study data using the U-Mann-Whitney criterion showed that the results of the psychocorrection program indicate positive dynamics, namely, an increase in the level of social adaptation in the experimental group relative to the control group.

Conclusion:

Summarizing the results of the study, we can draw the following conclusions:

1. Methods of art therapy at the stage of rehabilitation of drug addicts can relieve emotional stress, reduce anxiety and frustration.

2. The shift of the locus of control towards the internal type contributes to an increase in the level of responsibility for one's own actions and a decrease in the level of aggressiveness.

3. Increasing the level of social adaptation improves interaction within the group, which leads to a decrease in the number of external and internal conflicts.

4. Patients have increased internal motivation for recovery due to the support of the group, which is very important for the effective completion of the program.

In this regard, the program proposed by the authors with elements of art therapy can be successfully used to correct the emotional state in patients with chemical dependence in the process of treatment and rehabilitation measures.

References
1. Bedoeva, K. O., & Zaitseva, O .G. (2023) The application of therapy. Mental health, 18(4), 11-13. doi:10.25557/2074-014X.2023.04.11-13
2. Berdichevsky, A. A. (2019) Spiritually-oriented art therapy in the formation of motivation for lifestyle addicts. Smolensk medical almanac, 4, 87-89.
3. Bibikova, N. V., Belonogova, L. N., & Eremina, L. I. (2023) Art Therapy as a Means of Social and Psychological Prevention of Aggressive Behavior in Orphanage Children. Volga region pedagogical search, 1(43), 9-16.
4. Report on the drug situation in the Russian Federation in 2022 (excerpt) [Electronic resource]. Official portal of the State Anti-Drug Committee. Retrieved from https://gak.mvd.rf /monitoring-drug situation/excerpts-from-reports-about-drug situation
5. Morbidity of the population with drug addiction : [Electronic resource]. Official website of the Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved from https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Zdravoohran-2022
6. Zuikova, A. A., & Safronov, A. I. (2018). Non-drug methods of medical and psychological rehabilitation of drug addicts. Bulletin of rehabilitation medicine, 1(83), 69-73.
7. Kim, V. A., Zuikova, A. A., Safronov, A. I., & Shakula, A. V. (2018). Peculiarities of application of methods of fairy tale therary in the rehabilitation process of drag addicts. Bulletin of restorative medicine, 6(88), 96-99.
8. Kopytin, A. I., & Bogachov O. V. (2009). Changing of psychological and social status of drug addicted persons in remission state in the course of croup art therapy. Psihologicheskii zhurnal, 30(1), 86-95.
9. Kukulyar, A. M., & Bessonova, N. N. (2017). The study of psychological characteristics of the formation of positive attitudes to rehabilitation and remission in drug addicts. Akademicka Psychologie, 1, 34-38.
10. Lupandin V. I. (2009). Mathematical methods in psychology. – Yekaterinburg Ural Publishing House. un-ta.
11. Minazov, R. D. (2009). Psihodrana in rehabilitation of drug addicts: principles, valuation of effectiveness. Mental health, 7(9(40)), 44-49.
12. Minazov, R. D. (2014). Psihodrama as a psychotherapy method in drug addicts rehabilitation. The Bulletin of Chuvash Psychiatry and Psychology, 10, 73-90.
13. Mic, V. D., & Panova, T. V. (2021). Features of psychosocial adaptation at the stage of rehabilitation of drug addicts. Vestnik of Penza state university, 4(36), 14-18.
14. Pavelkina, L. V., & Koshelev, A. A. (2020). Art therapy as one of the technologies for working with gifted young people in schools. Actual problems of humanities and socio-economic sciences, 2(73), 114-116.
15. Plotnikova, YU. S., & Anoshkina, D. K. (2017). Art therapy as a means of rehabilitation of persons with narcotic dependence. International Journal of humanities and natural sciences, 3-2, 54-57.
16. Rublyova, T. Yu. (2018). Analysis of the results of the study in opiate users before and after cognitive training. Vestnik of Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, 1(30), 42-47.
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This article is made on a topic that does not lose its relevance, since it belongs to the category of socially significant and extremely difficult in personal terms. In the introduction, the author correctly writes that substance abuse undoubtedly leads to deterioration of physical and mental health, followed by the formation of dependence, and often the death of the patient. The text also indicates that there are no fewer drug abusers. Thus, "the indicator of the general incidence of drug addiction in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2022 amounted to 162.0 cases per 100 thousand people of the population, which is higher than the indicator of the Russian Federation (155.5) – by 4.0 percent. Growth to the level of 2021 (4,566 people or 159.8 per 100,000 people) amounted to 1.4 percent." The list of some psychocorrective methods that are used to provide psychological assistance to drug addicts is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that the introduction of these forms of work into practical rehabilitation activities makes it possible for a dependent person not only to change their mental habits, but to obtain or restore work skills that will allow them to adapt and realize themselves in society. Of all the methods, according to the author, "the use of art therapy as a method of psychotherapeutic correction of the emotional state in people with chemical dependence in the process of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures is very effective." We can agree with the justification of the relevance of the study. But in the introduction it is advisable to show the purpose and subject of the study, its methodology and scientific novelty. Without these formulations, many questions arise about the content of the article and one gets the impression that it is incomplete. Further work is needed. The research methodology indicates that the course of the rehabilitation program was 3 months and consisted of 12 sessions lasting from 90 to 135 minutes, including such forms of work as lectures, conversations, meditation, isotherapy, maskotherapy, drama therapy, etc. Before and after the course, the psychological indicators of the examined persons were determined. There were two groups (experimental and control), a statistical comparative analysis was carried out. The style of presentation of the text is exploratory. The literature data is presented, but a critical analysis of these data has not been performed. The literature information on the research topic is simply presented in a summary manner. Therefore, if possible, this remark should be taken into account when finalizing the text, eliminating multiple punctuation errors (punctuation marks) in it. The structure of the text also needs to be improved. It is necessary to show the formulations of the purpose and subject of the study, its scientific novelty and methodology. There must be a conclusion. So far, the conclusion contains just conclusions. The content of the article indicates that the psychocorrection methods used by the author are quite effective at the treatment stage, which follows after detoxification measures. It is very important. The obtained data are processed statistically and the results of a comparative analysis are presented. The necessary illustrations are provided on this occasion. But this part of the work is somewhat insufficiently commented on by the author himself and there is no comparison with similar works by other authors. According to the reviewer, it is advisable to strengthen the discussion of the data obtained. In general, the data obtained by the author indicate that: - methods of art therapy at the stage of rehabilitation of drug addicts can relieve emotional tension, reduce anxiety and frustration; - shifting the locus of control towards the internal type contributes to an increase in the level of responsibility for one's own actions and reduce the level of aggressiveness; - increasing the level of social adaptation improves interaction within the group, which leads to a reduction in the number of external and internal conflicts; - patients have increased internal motivation to recover due to the support of the group, which is very important for the effective completion of the program. These results are quite specific and unambiguous. The author indicated them as conclusions, which can only be agreed with. It is noted that the program proposed by the authors with elements of art therapy can be successfully used to correct the emotional state in patients with chemical dependence during treatment and rehabilitation activities. Yes, it is. The reviewer agrees with this prospect of using art therapy methods. The bibliographic list contains literary sources on the research topic. In general, this article leaves a good impression. It can arouse the interest of the readership. Therefore, after minor revision of the text, it can be recommended for publication in a scientific journal.