Development of the Quality of Professional Training of Polygraph Examiners in the System of Departmental Education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Sadekov Rustem Rafekovich ORCID: 0000-0002-2739-5490 PhD in Pedagogy Deputy Head of the Department of Psychological-Pedagogical and Medical Support of the Department of Internal Affairs Activities at the Russian Institute of Officials Training and Education 142007, Russia, Moscow Region, Domodedovo, Fir street, 3 vipk10kafedra@yandex.ru Other publications by this author

Polygraphology is one of the areas in which the specialists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia have extensive experience and a high level of knowledge and skills. However, in order to effectively fight crime and ensure the safety of citizens, it is necessary to constantly improve the quality of professional training of polygraph examiners. In this article we will consider the mechanisms and tools that can be used to develop the quality of professional training of polygraph examiners in the system of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

As Y.V. Komissarova notes in her work, the content of "Polygraphology" is related to the disciplines preceding the study ? logic, philosophy, criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology, legal psychology and others ^[3].

One of the main mechanisms for the development of the quality of vocational training is the updating of curricula. It is necessary to constantly update the content of programs so that it meets modern requirements and standards in the field of polygraphology. It is also important to include practical classes in the programs that will help students acquire the necessary skills to work with a polygraph.

As V.A. Bogaevsky notes in his work, in the modern world instrumental psychophysiology (polygraphology) is being used more and more actively not only in the civil sphere, but also in the field of public service ^[1].

A polygraph examiner is a specialist engaged in detecting lies and determining the truth of statements and testimony of witnesses and suspects using a polygraph. To effectively perform their official duties , a polygraph examiner must have the following professional qualities:

1. Technical knowledge and skills. The polygraph examiner must have the technical knowledge and skills necessary to work with a polygraph and other means of detecting lies, while at the same time professionally know the software of the polygraph device and the interface, as well as the technical features of the device.

2.                 Psychological knowledge and skills. Important importance in conducting psychophysiological research is attached to the professional competence of the polygraph examiner, in particular, his knowledge of personality psychology ^[4]. A polygraph examiner must have the psychological knowledge and skills necessary to work with people and identify lies based on psychological reactions, while observing the rules and specifics of the procedure for conducting a polygraph examination prescribed by regulatory legal acts.

3.                 Logical thinking and analytical skills. The polygraph examiner must have logical thinking and analytical abilities in order to correctly interpret the results of the polygraph and prepare a conclusion about their reliability, taking into account the objective data obtained during the study.

4. Observation and attentiveness. The polygraph examiner must be attentive and observant to notice even small details that may indicate a lie, while having sufficient self-control and composure.

5.                 Ability to work under pressure. The polygraph examiner must have the ability to work under pressure and in stressful situations in order to respond correctly and quickly to changes in the behavior of the subject, while being able to act in accordance with official duties and prevent any attempts to exert pressure from the outside.

6.                 Ethical principles and responsibility. The polygraph examiner must have ethical principles and responsibility in order not to violate the rights and freedoms of the examined persons and not to allow violations of the law, including constitutional norms.

Of course, a polygraph examiner should have a wide range of knowledge and skills in the field of technical, psychological and analytical issues, as well as be ready to work in stressful situations and comply with high ethical standards.

In this connection, there is a pedagogical task to train such a specialist in all important areas of activity, who could in the shortest possible time, using all his knowledge and skills, quickly understand the goals and tasks set before him, understand them and solve these issues as effectively as possible, using all his intellectual and practical experience, apply all important knowledge in this area ^[5].

Professional training of polygraph examiners in the system of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia plays an important role in the fight against crime and ensuring the safety of citizens, as well as in matters of personnel selection for service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The development of the quality of this training is very important to ensure the high efficiency of polygraph examiners and improve the results of their official activities.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform several tasks:

1.                 Updating curricula: Curricula for the training of polygraph examiners must meet modern requirements and standards in this field. They should include not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills that will be needed in the work. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account all the latest changes in the scope of the polygraph in the law enforcement sphere.

2. Development of the methodological base: to improve the quality of training, it is necessary to provide access to modern methods and technologies used in polygraphology. This will definitely help to improve the level of training of specialists and provide them with access to the most up-to-date information and the latest developments.

3.                 Professional development: in order to maintain a high level of professional training, specialists should regularly improve their qualifications. To do this, they must undergo appropriate training, for example, in the system of additional professional education - in the FGKU DPO VIPK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, take an active part in various seminars, trainings, master classes, scientific and practical conferences that will help to exchange experience and learn new methods and relevant pedagogical and psychological technologies.

4. The use of modern technologies: currently, there are many modern technologies that can significantly improve the quality of polygraph examiners' training. Their implementation will help to increase the effectiveness of training, reduce the time for training specialists and provide better training aimed at a positive result.

5.                 Support of scientific research: scientific research in the field of polygraphology, in our opinion. they will help the development of new techniques and technologies, as well as the improvement of existing approaches. The support of scientific research in this area will help to ensure the continuous development and improvement of professional training of polygraph examiners, which in turn will increase the efficiency of their work. As D.V. Deulin notes in his work, it is important to systematize the accumulated knowledge in the field of applied psychophysiology and broadcast it to students in the educational process ^[2].

6.                 Cooperation with other organizations: in order to exchange experience and gain new knowledge and skills in the field of polygraphology, it is necessary to cooperate with other organizations and educational institutions, both in Russia and abroad. This, in turn, will increase the level of competence of polygraph examiners.

7.                 Evaluation of the effectiveness of training: to assess the effectiveness of professional training of polygraph examiners, it is necessary to conduct a regular assessment of the knowledge and skills acquired by students in the course of training, as well as to monitor the results of graduates' work by monitoring and feedback with departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the experience of such work is available in the FGKU DPO VIPK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

As already noted, the development and improvement of the quality of professional training of polygraph examiners in the system of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is a strategic important task. To achieve it, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities aimed at updating curricula, developing methodological base, professional development of specialists, using modern technologies, supporting scientific research, cooperation with other organizations and evaluating the effectiveness of training.

In general, the successful development of the quality of professional training of polygraph examiners in the system of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia requires an integrated approach and the use of various psychological, pedagogical, legal mechanisms and tools. It is important not only to update educational programs and methodological base, but also to organize regular professional development and cooperation with other organizations, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of training and work of specialists. This approach will help to ensure the high quality of training of polygraph examiners and increase the efficiency of their daily activities.

The quality of professional training of polygraph examiners at the present stage, in the face of new threats and challenges to the state, is beyond doubt. Professionally trained polygraph examiners have the necessary competencies to effectively detect lies and determine the truth of statements and the veracity of the testimony of the interviewees on a polygraph.

The quality of professional training of polygraph examiners can be assessed according to the following criteria:

1.                 Compliance of educational resources with modern requirements and standards in the field of polygraphology. The content of educational materials should include not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills that will be needed in the work of specialists in this field of official activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

2.                 Qualification of the teaching staff. Teachers should have the necessary deep qualitative knowledge and skills in the field of polygraphology, as well as have experience in this field, knowing the specifics of the work and conduct scientific research on this topic.

3.                 The quality of training and the use of modern techniques and technologies. Training should be organized in such a way that students acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, as well as use modern methods and technologies used in the course of special psychophysiological studies using a polygraph..

4.                 Practical skills and work experience. Polygraph specialists should certainly have practical skills and experience in this field, strive to improve their skills by increasing the level of education in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

In order to ensure the high quality of professional training of polygraph examiners, it is necessary to use modern methods and technologies of training, attract leading specialists in this field to work, provide access to the most up-to-date information and methods of work. It is also important to organize regular professional development for polygraph examiners so that they can quickly acquire new knowledge and skills in their field.

In addition, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the training of polygraph examiners should be carried out regularly to make sure that the training meets modern requirements and standards. The assessment can also help identify shortcomings in the work of specialists and make adjustments to educational programs.

There are many tools and mechanisms that can be used to improve the quality of professional training of polygraph examiners, such as modern training programs, electronic libraries, distance learning, virtual simulators, cloud technologies and many others. In addition, it is necessary to cooperate with other organizations and educational institutions in order to exchange experience and gain new knowledge and skills in the field of polygraphology.

The information obtained from the evaluation of the effectiveness of vocational training can be used to adjust the content of curricula and teaching methods, as well as to improve the organization of the educational process. For example, if the assessment showed that the majority of graduates do not have a sufficient level of knowledge and skills in the field of polygraphology, you can consider making changes to the curriculum, adding new practical classes and training materials.

A polygraph examiner is a specialist who is engaged in solving a number of different tasks related to psychological support, operational investigative activities, forensic examination, the work of personnel apparatuses and other areas.

The work of a polygraph examiner is diverse and, as we have already noted, depends on a specific field of activity. He can conduct polygraph examinations in the framework of criminal proceedings, check candidates for work or service for professional suitability, as well as use a polygraph in the framework of operational investigative activities to identify information about criminal activity or terrorist threats in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

One of the main tasks of a polygraph examiner is to conduct a qualitative and objective polygraph study, on the basis of which it is possible to make a decision or draw appropriate conclusions. To do this, he must have a high level of qualification and experience working on a polygraph, as well as possess the methods and techniques of conducting polygraph research.

An important part of the work of a polygraph examiner is the preparation for conducting a polygraph examination, which includes familiarization with the personality of the subject, materials and documents for each subject-specific circumstance, compiling a list of questions to be asked to the subject, and providing the necessary conditions for conducting the instrumental study itself.

After conducting a polygraph test, a polygraph examiner must prepare a competent conclusion, which contains the results and conclusions based on the analysis and interpretation of the data. The absolute requirement here is the fact that the conclusion must be clear and understandable, meaningful, and also have a scientific and technical justification.