Formation of Patriotism among Students of Educational Organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia by Commanders of Cadet Units

Glushchenko Ol'ga Pavlovna Educator, Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 350005, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Yaroslavskaya str., 128 balerinaa002@mail.ru Other publications by this author

Kipreev Sergei Nikolavevich Postgraduate, Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 350000, Russia, Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, Yaroslavskaya str., 128 komissar.1917@mail.ru

The events of recent years related to national security issues confirm that patriotism is the basis for the development of law enforcement officers and one of the main markers of their personality formation, an indicator of readiness to serve the Fatherland. A first-class professional, intellectually developed and physically strong, without a properly formed healthy sense of patriotism, is useless for society, and sometimes a destructive element, unable to favorably influence the life of his country.

In the structure of personality as a value-semantic relationship, patriotism is represented by three components: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. In turn, according to R.Y. Mirsky, "patriotism consists of three interrelated, mutually conditioned and dialectically unified components: patriotic attitude, patriotic consciousness, patriotic activity" ^{[8, p. 9]}. At the same time, we believe that the foundation for the formation of patriotism is the spiritual and moral side of patriotic consciousness, which is a kind of canvas for the work of the subject of the process of patriotic education.

We agree with I.Y. Sakharov, who believes that under the influence of the mass media, "there is an imposition of the priority of material interests over moral ones. The traditional foundations of educating young people in the spirit of patriotism, love for the Motherland, respect for elders, are trying to replace "more modern", Western" ^{[10, p. 200]}.

"History and practice have proved that a person is not born a patriot, he becomes one under the influence of education, in this work it is very important to consolidate all participants in the pedagogical process at different levels, therefore their participants should bring the spirit of creativity and initiative into patriotic education" ^{[1, p. 107]}.

Considering the specifics of service in law enforcement agencies, it should be noted that one of the functions of the department, department or department for work with personnel is "the formation of the state-legal worldview of police officers on the basis of statehood, patriotism, loyalty to the Oath, compliance with the norms of the Code of Honor of the rank and file and the commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies" ^[5].

In institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, this work is carried out on the basis of such guiding documents on civil and patriotic education as the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation", Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 400 of July 2, 2021 "On National Security Strategy Of the Russian Federation", Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 29.11.2020 No. 2945?R "On approval of the Action Plan for the implementation in 2021-2025 of the Strategy for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025", Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation dated February 1, 2018 No. 50 "On Approval of the Procedure for organizing service in the Internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation", orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the approval of charters of universities, academies and institutes, as well as other regulatory legal acts.

These documents defined guidelines and set developmental tasks, which in many ways should be solved by employees who directly interact with cadets and students of the University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, therefore platoon commanders make a great contribution to educational activities.

The platoon commander is obliged to know the successes and failures, achievements and advantages of each cadet in the service, his business and moral and psychological qualities, as well as to conduct educational work with him on a regular basis.

During the performance of official duties, in addition to purely official interaction, informal educational communication between the commander and students takes place. The potential of such a psychological and intellectual impact on the variable composition of educational organizations is great, therefore it should be used to form values and worldview oriented to the ideology of the state.

The training group as a whole and each cadet or listener has a certain emotional connection with the commander, ideally including recognition of the commander's authority, his ability to help in official and personal matters. In such situations, there is the possibility of individual influence on subordinate personnel.

In the universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, this area of official activity is implemented, including through individual educational conversations. Conversations are conducted according to the plan and are divided into preventive and analyzing the performance of subordinates.

The peculiarity of the ongoing process of forming a state-oriented worldview of variable composition based on patriotism is that this process affects the personal aspects of the life of cadets, and also represents a complex system of influence on a person's personality. First of all, the unit commander himself must be a patriot and master the methodology of forming patriotism among subordinates.

"Patriotic education of young people plays a significant role in ensuring the national security of the state. Educational work is of particular importance in the system of training cadets of paramilitary units, future civil servants who ensure compliance with law and order in the country" ^[2].

In addition to the above regulations, the need for patriotic education is indicated by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education for the training of law enforcement officers, in particular, the general cultural competence (OK-2): "the ability to analyze the main stages and patterns of the historical development of Russia, its place and role in the modern world in order to form a civic position and develop patriotism" ^{[11, p. 7]}.

In this regard, we conducted a questionnaire aimed at establishing the level of formation of the feeling of patriotism of cadets, based on the questionnaire "My Patriotism" developed by us, consisting of 64 questions and 8 blocks (national, state, historical, territorial, linguistic, religious, socio-cultural, family and household) according to the typology of the feeling of patriotism developed by us.

94 cadets and senior students of the faculty took part in the survey to train specialists for public order protection and public safety units.

The results of the study are presented as a percentage in the table:

Table. The results of the questionnaire on the formation of a sense of patriotism among students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Of Russia

The cognitive component of the sense of patriotism is responsible for the formation of the knowledge system. The motivational component determines the ability to have a motivational impact on a person. Operational – the ability to consciously operate with patriotic concepts. The behavioral component determines the influence of patriotic behavior on human activity. Productive is responsible for the effectiveness of patriotic activities. The regulatory component is responsible for how the process of forming a sense of patriotism is managed. The value component influences the formation of patriotic values. Emotional-volitional – on the ability of a sense of patriotism to cause an emotional reaction.

The results obtained allow us to conclude that the majority of respondents have an above–average level of patriotism with respect to all components: cognitive – 30.85%, motivational – 32.98%, operational – 34.04%, behavioral – 28.72%, productive – 31.91%, regulatory – 34.04%, value - 32.98%., emotionally strong-willed – 35.11%. However, it should be noted that among the participants there were those who revealed a low level of formation of a sense of patriotism. The result of the components has the following indicators: cognitive – 4.26%, motivational – 5.32%, operational – 4.26%, behavioral - 7.45%, productive – 6.38%, regulatory – 5.32%, value – 5.32%, emotional-volitional – 2.13%.

Based on the results presented in Table 1 (the data are rounded to hundredths of a percent), it should be noted the normal distribution of the sample among cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The general group level of formation of the components of a sense of patriotism is average, most of the cadets need to increase the level of formation of certain components of a sense of patriotism.

The most significant components of the sense of patriotism, which have high indicators of formation, are cognitive (18.09) and regulatory (19.15). This is due to the fact that a large number of classes are held among the cadets aimed at the formation of patriotic knowledge and educational activities aimed at making patriotism determine the life goals of the students.

Less significant components of the sense of patriotism, which have low indicators of formation, are behavioral (7.45) and productive (6.38). This is due to the fact that not all cadets actively participate in patriotic activities and can effectively use patriotic information. Attention is drawn to the small number of cadets with a low level of formation of the emotional-volitional component. This is due to the fact that the vast majority of police officers are able to show their emotions in cases when they are confronted with patriotic information (examples: watching propaganda videos, news reports, films).

Thanks to the active and purposeful activity of the educational work bodies in the educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the formation of a sense of patriotism, there is an increase in the number of employees who consider themselves patriots, and indeed they are in practice.

The research data indicate that there is a patriotic asset that influences the public opinion of the cadet team, although, as in any team, there are employees among the cadets who have a low level of formation of the components of a sense of patriotism.

In the future, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis to determine the reasons for the lack of formation of the studied quality in cadets.

According to E.I. Minullin, "the blurring of the boundaries of the norms of morality and morality prevents the formation of the foundation of value attitudes, and hence the patriotic consciousness of cadets" ^{[7, p. 179]}.

In our opinion, the reasons preventing the formation of a sense of patriotism are also:

1) transformation and weak stability of the value system of youth at the current stage of development of our country;

2) low level of knowledge in the field of history;

3) destructive elements in the process of family education;

4) informational influence via the Internet;

5) lack of consolidation of forces between parents, teachers, youth;

6) loss of reference points in the environment of the diversity of antisocial associations.

As the reasons that have a bad effect on the formation of a sense of patriotism and morality of cadets, we distinguish: the negative influence of the media, propagandizing and inculcating Western values alien to the Russian spirit, disrespectful interpretation, and often falsification of the history of our Fatherland, insufficient amount of moral and patriotic examples from state structures that would allow to counteract the informational and psychological impact the opposite ideology.

We have identified the main directions of patriotic education of students, including:

1) the activation of scientific developments in line with modern pedagogical technologies that will allow, in the current foreign policy conditions, to form a hierarchy of social, spiritual and moral values of cadets;

2) systematic saturation of the daily life of police cadets with the content of information material that allows to form a sense of patriotism;

3) the use of modern innovative methods that can combine the goals and objectives of the formation of the personality of cadets;

4) raising the level of awareness of students of educational organizations about the importance of forming a sense of patriotism for official activity and ways of its formation.

According to S.S. Piyukova, "the institute of curatorship can make a significant contribution to the formation of the personality of a future officer, patriot, citizen of his country, a highly moral, cultured person with broad erudition" ^{[9, p. 88]}. Nevertheless, "the most important role in the system of educational work with cadets in a departmental university belongs to the officers – heads of departments as its main subjects" ^{[6, p. 85]}.

It is important to take into account the positive experience of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs In Russia, for example, the Siberian Law Institute, where the planning and implementation of a set of measures for professional, moral and patriotic education of personnel is successfully carried out. In this educational organization, there is a special department for working with personnel, the activities of curators are organized, a large amount of educational activities is carried out that meets the requirements of the time and has sufficient information coverage.

The main result of this article is the formulated conclusion about the need to design and improve the system of patriotic education of police cadets, which should be based on an interdisciplinary approach to stimulate the formation of spiritual and moral values of the individual among cadets.

Today, during the period of national-patriotic revival launched by the Russian Spring and the special military operation initiated by V.V. Putin, "patriotism, as a vivid form of national identity, is one of the main guarantors of the preservation by the people of the country of their integrity, identity and culture, adherence to historical, moral, ethical and ethnic values, allowing them to feel full a person with his past, present and future" ^{[3, p. 43]}.

Russian Russian nation is the state-forming one for the Russian Federation, "the patriotism of the Russian people has unique features formed under the influence of the original culture and historical heritage of Russia, which caused its intermittent nature, manifested by the ups and downs of national consciousness, exposed to external and internal factors" ^{[4, p. 167]}, so now it is especially important to raise the national spirit it is the Russian people who have hitherto been clogged with exorbitant tolerance, Russophobia, obsequiousness to other peoples to the detriment of their own interests, worship of Western culture.

Only by ensuring the national security of Russians from ethnic splits and solving its other problems will friendship between all the peoples of our great Russia be strengthened, and, of course, this is impossible without the formation of a healthy sense of patriotism, in which the ethnic component occupies one of the key places.