Comparative Analysis of the Related Terms "Connection" and "Parcelling" (Based on the Material of the Service Unit "and more")

Tsao Xiaomin ORCID: 0000-0001-7815-3232 Postgraduate Student, Department of Russian Language and Literature, Far Eastern Federal University 690922, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Vladivostok, Russian Island str., settlement, building 8 690297518@qq.com

In the 20th century, the syntax of the Russian language is being studied actively and comprehensively. Joining is one of the most important and widespread syntactic phenomena in modern linguistic science. When considering the theory of attachment, researchers often associate it with the terms "composition", "subordination", especially with its related term "parcellation". In this article, we tried to distinguish between the concepts of "joining" and "parcel" with the help of the collected material of the service unit and more. The term "joining" was first mentioned in the first half of the twentieth century, when researchers drew attention to its additional character, which has become widespread in modern syntactic science ^{[5, p. 400; 8, p. 202; 2, p. 27; 3, p. 278; 13, p. 19; 14, p. 10; 1, p. 14; 6, p. 38; 12, p. 61; 10, p. 158]}.

Currently, there are different opinions about the relationship between "accession" and "parcel", and a single point of view on the concepts of "accession" and "parcel" in Russian linguistics has not yet been developed. On the one hand, a group of linguists identifies attachment and parcellation, but among them some classify both phenomena as attachment, and others as parcellation. On the other hand, many scientists believe that attachment and parcellation are independent and independent linguistic phenomena, despite some similarities between them. In our opinion, joining and parcelling are close, but independent phenomena, each with its own specifics. The similarity of their features is that the connecting structure, as a rule, consists of two parts – the basic part and the additional part, and the packaged structure is divided into a basic part and a parcel, which to a certain extent can be considered as adding information. In fact, the essence of the parcel is the design of a separate independent proposal. Such a view can find appropriate reflections not only in lexicographic sources, but also in many scientific literatures. Let's consider the definitions of two terms in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by D. E. Rosenthal and M. A. Telenkova (1976): "Accession. Adding additional messages and explanations to the main statement by means of an adjunctive connection, which arise in consciousness not simultaneously with the main thought, but only after it is expressed. Joining members of the offer. Joining proposals" ^{[9, p. 336]}. For example: "A march broke out in the room. Marching march. So kind, cheerful. With such foreshocks, trills. Because of the same fixed curtain" (K. Fedin) [Ibid.]. "Parcelling. Such a division of the sentence, in which the content of the utterance is realized not in one, but in two or more intonation-semantic speech units, following one after the other after the dividing pause" ^{[9, p. 272]}. For example: "Elena's in trouble here. The big one" (F. Panferov), "Fleurov is able to do everything. And Uncle Grisha Dunaev. And the doctor too" (M. Gorky) [Ibid.]. According to Vinogradov, parcellation is used for partitioning, artificial dismemberment of the already "ready" syntactic structure of a sentence into separate "communicative molecules" of varying degrees of complexity, and attachment for folding the syntactic structure by "building up" structural "fragments" ^{[4, p. 99]}. E. V. Sevryugina adheres to the same opinion and notes that that "the most general categorical meaning of a parcel is separation, and of an attached fragment is attachment" ^{[12, p. 32]}. We clearly see that the most striking difference between joining and parcelling is that when joining, the fragment is added, attached to the main part, and when parcelling, the fragment is separated from the main sentence. To develop the differences between these two related concepts, we conduct a comparative analysis on the material of the service unit and more. The source of the material is the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NKRYA) ^[7].The service unit can also function at different syntactic levels: in a simple complicated sentence, in a complex sentence and in a complex syntactic whole (more broadly, in the text).

At the level of a complex syntactic whole, the service unit is also often located at the beginning of statements, can introduce both an auxiliary and a parcelled component. Here are the following examples. On the streets of the city I saw a lot of janitors who sweep and clean.

And there are the fruits of their labor. There is less garbage and dirt.And more. Fewer beggars. Or did Luzhkov expel them from the Mother See, so as not to spoil the landscape? I don't presume to judge. [Kapitolina Kozhevnikova. At the front entrance (2003) // "Bulletin of the USA", 2003.07.23] ^[7].

If it's wrong, I'll tell you. ? Music is a concept, voice is an embodiment. (Pause.) And yet: valor is a concept, a feat is an embodiment. ? Marina, how strange! A feat is a concept, a hero is an embodiment. ? Ala! [M. I. Tsvetaeva. Attic (1919-1920)] ^[7].

Log in? The room is empty. On the table at the Sea Girl ? open canned food, bread, a bitten cucumber. And also ? a yellow piece of paper and silver roundels. [Tatiana Tolstaya. Night (1983)] ^[7].

? Listen to my command! So, I will wet. And so as not to touch it, give the recipe for a beetle, dew and a damn slurp. And also ? dry vodka for analysis. It's been a long time, you know, I haven't chewed booze… ? It's impossible," said Peter. ? We would give, but we can't. [Alexander Silaev. The Vile Heart of the Motherland (2007)] ^[7].

In the above four examples, the information entered by the unit can be considered additional parts to the main ones. This is their similarity. However, according to the principle, the first two examples relate to the case when the service unit and still introduces the connecting component, and the last two examples relate to the case when and still introduces the parcelled component. What are their differences? Next, we will consider these two cases in detail. First, we analyze the first case when the unit and also introduces the connecting component.

a) I turned to you, "Soviet Screen", not only because I really liked the movie "Shadows disappear at noon", but also because it is a very necessary and important picture. Why? It seems to me that such a film brings up the best traits in our youth. After all, he teaches to distinguish truth from lies in life, good from bad. And more. Such a picture reminds us of the responsibility of our youth for their land, Homeland. After looking at the picture, <...>. [generalized. Viewers about films nominated for the USSR State Prizes // "Soviet Screen", 1973] ^[7].

b) Everything. Be healthy, hanurik. Cheer up. Our whole friendly team is with you. And also: don't show any special zeal for work, it's harmful. You can tear your health. Nachtov disappeared from the line, and it became boring again. [Igor Adamatsky. The Comforter // "Zvezda", 2001] ^[7].

c) Answer: <...> Question: "What would you recommend to relieve fatigue? And more: are there any special aroma preparations for children?" Olga Pilipenko Answer:<...> [Marina Kryuchkova. The secret of the cypress and the secret of thyme (2002) // "Brownie", 2002.11.04] ^[7].

In the above three examples, the service unit also introduces an additional parallel message to the base message. In a) the introduced attached part organizes a parallel structure along with the structure in the connecting part for the development of the speaker's thought. B) a service unit and also connects a number of homogeneous messages with the imperative mood in the form of the second person singular. The attached message is an addition to the message expressed in the attaching part. C) a service unit and also connects two specific issues that are developed within the framework of one topic. The question entered by the unit adds the question presented in the joining part. In all these examples, the unit also performs the function of joining.

Let's give similar examples.

Therefore, whether Goncharova cheated on Pushkin or not, only flirted or kissed, only kissed or everything else, nothing or everything – it does not matter, because Pushkin called Dantes for his love, not for her love. For Pushkin would have called Dantes in the end and for the look. So that the scriptures may come true. And yet, whether Goncharova cheated on Pushkin or not, kissed or not, it's all the same – innocent. Innocent because the doll is innocent, because fate, innocent because Pushkin did not love. And Lansky loved and, it seems, was his faithful wife. [M. I. Tsvetaeva. Natalia Goncharova (Life and Work) (1929)] ^[7].

Why doesn't the horse give so much milk? Why does a cat feed her kittens and not take care of anyone else? Would a talking parrot come up with such an idea? And more. Why do chickens lay so many eggs? It's horrible. They never have fun, they walk like sleepy flies, they have completely forgotten how to fly, they do not sing like other birds ... [Sasha Cherny. The Diary of Mickey Fox (1927)] ^[7].

Let's turn to the second case, when the unit and also introduces a parcelled component. Let's look at the following examples.

d) <...> And although we were completely different people – by temperament, by level of education, in relation to some aspects of life, to women, drinking and even in relation to mutual friends – but we were united by the main thing: love for the theater, for our genre. And also – respect for each other. Especially from Vitya's side. [Roman Kartsev. "Maloy, Sukhoi and the Writer" (2000-2001)] ^[7].

e) From the balcony of the hotel, standing on the shore, there was a stunning view – a beach with black volcanic sand, bright greenery and a sea of flowers of incredible beauty. And also – sharp green mountains. For the first time in my life I saw pointed mountain peaks not with snow caps, but completely covered with vegetation. [Yuri Senkevich. The Journey of a Lifetime (1999)] ^[7].

f) Dear readers! On New Year's Eve, we wish you all good health, a warm roof over your head, decent pay for your work, and successful studies for your children and grandchildren. And also – favorable changes in your life. [I want to work in the village (2003) // "Rural nov", 2003.12.16] ^[7].

In these examples, the service unit also introduces a partial piece of a "row" construction with parallel members, as a rule, with homogeneous members of the sentence. C) the component "respect for each other" introduced by the unit, along with the component "love for the theater, for our genre", form the construction of a series. It is a structural and semantic addition to the basic part, and forms it as a separate sentence. C) the components before and after the unit "sharp green mountains" and "a beach with black volcanic sand, bright greenery and a sea of flowers of incredible beauty" are parallel homogeneous members of the sentence. The part introduced by the unit, which is closely related to the basic part in structure, is divided into a separate communicative piece. C) the basic construction is "we wish you all what." Here, the indirect addition of "what" covers "health, a warm roof over your head, decent pay for your work, successful studies for your children and grandchildren" in the pretext and the unit part of "favorable changes in your life" in the posttext. Although the parts introduced by the unit can be considered as additions to the main parts, in all these examples, the unit also performs the function of dismemberment, splitting the utterance into parts.

Similar examples.

The very primevalness, revealed not by chance. A thin, flexible figure, a flying gait, charm, grace – and not a single break, no pose, absolutely everything is natural, everything is organic – every gesture, step, word – and this is Eva. Plus anger, tact, sensitivity, responsiveness. And also – tenderness. And loyalty. That's Borya's wife. A fairy? [V. D. Aleynikov. Tajimas (2002)] ^[7].

When I was in the north, I saw how my friends, normally stupid, normally unsympathetic people did heroic deeds. And then I realized that in some circumstances, the brake of selfishness turns off in a person and then his powers and possibilities are unlimited. This can happen under the influence of excitement, love, music and even poetry. And also, by virtue of conviction, which is especially important. [Sergey Dovlatov. Army letters to his father (From the collection "Sergey Dovlatov: creativity, personality, fate") (1962-1963)] ^[7].

The comparative analysis of the ratio of "attachment" and "parcel" on the material of the service unit also allows us to come to the conclusion: attachment and parcel are close, but independent phenomena. Attachment is a grammatical category, has a grammatical meaning (the meaning of an additional message). A parcel is a stylistic device, the essence of which is to separate a fragment from the base part and design the parcel as a separate sentence.