Verbal influence of the individual on the subconscious of the recipient of the text through the use of phraseological units

Mityushina Margarita Sergeevna Postgraduate student, the dpartment of Linguistic Theory, Moscow State Regional University 121309, Moscow, Seslavinskaya st., 32b2, 208 derbinova_margarita@mail.ru Other publications by this author

The mental world of a person is very sensitive, moreover, it is distinguished by a noticeable inconsistency, individuality and subjectivity of a person's attitude to certain mental structures and qualities of the world around him and other individuals in it.

Note that we have previously considered issues related to the use of FE as a means of verbal expression of processes and objects of the personality psyche (see ^[8]), as well as in psycholinguistics, problems of evaluative meanings of metaphors were raised within a number of concepts (see ^[8]).

To express one's own experiences, emotions, impressions, evaluation of mental phenomena and qualities, a person (as a rule) makes extensive use of the vast possibilities of language, or rather the figurative means of the latter ^[2]. The events taking place in the life of an individual (and, most likely, their verbalization) are closely related to the processes that take place in his psyche. The endowment of mental contents with verbal forms gives rise to the possibility of rethinking them and identifying connections with the motivating force for an individual to commit actions in the world outside of him ^[7].

Phraseology, in our opinion, is of the greatest interest for studying the peculiarities of the verbalization of personality characteristics, due to the fact that the phraseological unit reflects the linguistic picture of the human world along with his background knowledge, national and cultural characteristics of the linguistic community to which he belongs, and contains the evaluative attitude of the speaker in its meaning ^[8]. It is phraseological units that serve as linguistic means of describing different aspects of the personality's psyche, affecting its subconscious.

M. L. Kovshova considers phraseological units to be a textual shell in which cultural, everyday, social interpretation is "encrypted", characterized by modernity, forgetfulness of the nature of the content ^[1].

Phraseological units are stable combinations that differ both in imagery and emotional and stylistic coloring, have not only a nominal, but also an evaluative function, expressing the speaker's attitude to the subject of speech ^[3].

According to I.I. Chernysheva, "phraseological meaning is created not as a result of changing the meaning of individual words, but as a result of changing the meanings of the whole complex "as if by applying a fresh semantic or expressive layer to it"^[1]. Thus, the author attributes imagery, expressiveness, semantic integrity to the signs of phraseology ^[1].

According to F.I. Buslaev, phraseological units represent a separate microcosm in which the cultural features and historical events of the people, their practical experience of everyday everyday life through language, moral and value orientations are represented ^[3].

B.L. Whorf argues that it is language that is able to reproduce the stream of impressions that exists in a person's mind ^[1].

In the classification of L.I. Stepanova (according to the source of the occurrence of FE) phraseological units are divided into:

1. Genetic internationalisms (biblical, antique, tracing and semi-tracing).

2. Typological internationalisms are characterized by their independent emergence in different languages in the sphere of economic, cultural events, observations of the surrounding world.

3. Universals at the conceptual level are characterized by similarity among different European peoples, but differ in different forms [3IN the classification of L.I. Stepanova (according to the source of the origin of FE) phraseological units are divided into:

According to L.I. Roizenzon and Yu.Yu. Avaliani, the process of reflecting a person's practical experience through vocabulary is refracted through the prism of assessments, feelings, as a result, phraseological units with their own semantics are formed [8].

According to A.I. Fedorov, phraseology has, in addition to figurative content, an emotional side, which is based on metaphors, analogies, metonymies, proverbs and sayings lying, on the one hand, in the border of the individual's imagination, on the other, formed through the prism of the national heritage of the people. A prerequisite for the use of phraseology by an individual is his desire to evoke a certain emotional-figurative reaction from his interlocutor. The impact of vivid images and forms through the prism of feelings, emotions, assessments carries an additional psychological burden, as a result, the interlocutor emotionally reacts to new meanings ^[1].

Thus, the main function of phraseology is not the speaker's description of any objects and phenomena of reality, but his emotional assessment of a particular object of the nomination.

The method of forming a phraseological unit is metaphorization as a cognitive process associated with the activity of the subconscious ^[7].

 Metaphorization is aimed at "imposing" by the speaker on his recipient(s) a certain view of an object that has already been subjected to his own assessment. This process is characterized by anthropocentricity, national specificity, and is associated with human activity to compare / compare the objective and abstract, tangible and intangible, material and spiritual on the basis of similarity, similarity, associations and the need to express a positive or negative assessment of the above "antagonisms", which allows one individual to influence the subconscious of another. Thus, a person can simultaneously be both an object and a subject of evaluation/evaluation. On the one hand, the assessment is aimed at describing the external and internal features of a person, his feelings and emotions, assessment of personal qualities, attitude to the world, actions. On the other hand, a person chooses the most suitable phraseological units for this situation ^[5]. In both cases, phraseological units reflect social and everyday stereotypes in relation to reality and the qualities of a person's character ^[4].

Thus, two categories of phraseological units can be distinguished by the type of their impact on the subconscious of the individual. Phraseological units of the first type characterize emotions, experiences, mental states of a person, of the second type – express the emotional attitude of the speaker to the object, action ^[4],[5]

Consequently, the demonstration of the speaker's different emotional attitude to the object, etc., definitely affects his interlocutor in different ways and organizes the latter's behavior (including speech).

Based on the above, we consider it appropriate to highlight the following functions of phraseological units in the context of their influence on the subconscious of the individual:

expressive-evaluative function, which is realized by transmitting to the speaker a certain emotional-figurative attitude and evaluation (positive / negative) of the object;

a) evaluation as a reflection of the speaker's attitude to the temporary emotional state and the subject-carrier of emotions:

- anger as a short-term loss of self-control:

1) Anger is a short madness. – Anger is a short–lived madness.

- restraint as a desire to hide emotions:

2) The least said the soonest mended. – The less said, the faster corrected.

- fear is often expressed through images of animals, body parts:

3) Dumb dogs are dangerous. – Silent dogs are dangerous.

4) The cat shuts its eyes when stealing (while it steals) cream. – Stealing sour cream, the cat closes its eyes

- sinfulness / righteousness:

5) A good name is better than riches. – A good name is better than wealth

- in English culture, law-abiding is one of the distinctive features of native speakers, for example:

6) Crime doesn’t pay. – Crime is never justified

- anger and contempt for a person who differs from the speaker's ideas about correctness, norm:

7) A sow is no match for a goose. - A goose is not a pig's companion

b) association of emotional state with weather conditions:

8) If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. – If there were no clouds, we would not appreciate the sun.

c) ridiculing / approving moral actions:

9) A good conscience is a continual feast. – A clear conscience is a holiday.

- assessment of intellectual qualities:

10) Fools have fortune. – Fools are lucky.

- assessment of moral values:

11) A man is known by the company he keeps. "Tell me who your friend is, and I'll tell you who you are."

12) Friendship is not to be bought at a fair. – Money can't buy friendship.

c) metaphorical transfer of the situation to identical conditions:

The scalded dog fears cold water. – Scalded dog is afraid of cold water

2. expression of national-cultural content characterized by the transmission from generation to generation of cultural characteristics, social stereotypes, archetypes, norms and standards of a particular society/societies;

- entanglement:

13) Chinese puzzle – an unsolvable riddle

- short temper:

14) become Turk – become irritable, arrogant, cruel

- laziness, self-confidence, desire to benefit:

15) Dutch concert – who goes to the forest, who goes for firewood, "cat concert"

- impoliteness, obscenity:

16) French leave – leave without saying goodbye

- a trick:

17) Chinese copy – Chinese fake

3. emotional and aesthetic function aimed at reflecting the characteristics of the object, its actions, state and quality through the prism of emotions, experiences, impressions; - aesthetic pleasure:

18) Untraveled youths have ever homely wits. – Young people who have not known travel, always think ordinary and naive.

19) Youth likes to wander. – Young people tend to wander.

- interest:

20) Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. – Nothing is impossible for a willing heart

- desires / passions:

21) Desire has no rest. Desire is stronger than compulsion. – Desire is stronger than compulsion

- delight / joy:

22) It’s a poor heart that never rejoices. – That poor heart that never rejoices

- contempt, disgust:

23) Curiosity killed the cat. Too much knowledge makes the head bald. - You will know a lot, you will soon grow old

24) Friendship and importunate begging feed at the same dish. – Friendship and annoying begging are inextricably linked

25) Passion will master you, if you do not master your passion. – If you do not overcome passion, you will be her slave.

- interpretations of beauty:

26) Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. – Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.

4. stylistic function aimed at the transfer of interacting figurative means characterized by the presence of subject content along with expressive, evaluative, emotional, aesthetic information about the object;

 - mental process of imagination:

27) As the fool thinks, so the bell clinks. – A fool thinks that if he wants to, the bell will ring

- processes of human activity (the process of delusion):

28) We soon believe what we desire. – We willingly believe what we want.

- mental process of memory:

29) Absence makes the heart grow fonder – Separation strengthens feelings.

5. the influencing function, the purpose of which is to influence the subconscious of a person and manipulate his behavior (including verbal).

- making an important decision:

30) Look before you leap. – Watch before you jump.

- attentiveness, discretion as character traits:

31) Too much knowledge makes the head bald. – Excessive knowledge makes the head bald.

- influence on the behavior of the interlocutor: