Spelling of the particle "by" in the history of Russian writing: hyphenated spelling as a stage in the formation of the norm

Chzhao Pengxiang ORCID: 0000-0003-0617-8371 Postgraduate student, Department of Russian Language, Faculty of Philology, Lomonosov Moscow State University 119991, Russia, g. Moscow, ul. Leninskie Gory, 1, str. 51 veralera1@yandex.ru

However, in the II volume of the "Works of Ya.K. Groth" of 1899, cases of the use of a hyphen, not recommended by him, are found: as if ^{[8, p. 54]} if-b ^{[8, p. 624]}. Perhaps these spellings are simply skipped during editing, at the same time they reflect Grote's thought about the use of a hyphen "between words that make up a single understanding, but which it is not customary to write together: Something, some, someone, something, that is, after all, there is- the way, the way, in our way, in Russian, in a good way, the third, maybe" ^{[8, p. 799]}. Nevertheless, not all of the hyphenated spellings listed by Grote were established in Russian orthography later.

Conclusion

Thus, we have fully achieved the purpose of the study and fulfilled its tasks — we traced how in the XIX century. during the development of the hyphen as a sign of semi–alphabetic writing in Russian writing, there was an attempt to establish the hyphenated use of the particle b (b). Dictionaries of the late XVIII - early XIX centuries do not reflect this trend and codify the separate spelling of the particle in cases where when it does not become part of other particle words and conjunctions. After analyzing the usage data, Groth approved the separate spelling of the particle would (b). It seems that this is not accidental, because it does not have a strict position in the sentence, which does not contribute to the formation of new lexical units with the studied particles, and this is a necessary condition for using a hyphen. The theoretical significance of our work is that it confirms the modern requirements of the theory of spelling to the conditions for the use of the hyphen: "Semi-composite ... (hyphenated) spellings reflect the incompleteness of the transformation of two lexical units into one whole and represent a kind of compromise: such elements of the language are written through a hyphen, in which one can see both lexical (characteristic of the word) and grammatical (characteristic of the morpheme) meaning" ^{[10, p. 176]}. Revealing the practical significance and prospects of the study, it should be noted the fuzzy codification of hyphenated particle spellings in modern Russian writing and the difficulties in studying this orthogram by schoolchildren. Our diachronic analysis can be taken into account when improving the existing rules and methods of teaching literate writing.