Genetic and genealogical (genealogical) study of the genus Nilogovoi (based on the DNA of autosomes)

Nilogov Aleksei Sergeevich PhD in Philosophy Current Member (Academician), Moscow Academy of Philosophy of Economy; Chairman of South-Siberian Historical-Genealogical Society (Abakan), Member of Russian Genealogical Federation, Head of Laboratory of Genealogical Research, Khakass Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History 655017, Russia, respublika Khakasiya, g. Abakan, ul. Shchetinkina, 23, kab. 23 nilogov1981@yandex.ru Other publications by this author

This genetic and genealogical (genealogical) study of representatives of the genus Nilogov is a continuation of the previously published article ^[1]. Modern research in the field of scientific genealogy involves the verification of oral family traditions and archival and documentary pedigrees. One of the main tools in this case is the study of the DNA of representatives of certain genera, and the interpretation of genetic information in relation to private genealogies serves as a methodological model for other genealogists. Interdisciplinary exchange of knowledge in genealogy is based on concrete, not abstract, pedigrees, therefore it is reasonable to conduct such research using the example of one's own pedigrees. Having twenty years of genealogical data on the genus Nilogov, we decided to share this unique experience with the professional community to popularize the complex genealogical method. This time, DNA testing included the analysis of autosomes, that is, 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes.

Autosomal DNA was tested in the American commercial laboratory Family Tree DNA (FTDNA) ^[2]. A Family Finder test was ordered at FTDNA to study the autosomal DNA of Raisa Alexandrovna Arinicheva (nee by her mother's surname – Nilogova, born 03/13/1961, kit SI10634). The working hypothesis of kinship was formulated as follows: the previously tested Nikolai Alekseevich Nelogov (03.01.1952 – 07/19/2021, kit IN82798), according to documentary sources, is brought by the 6th cousin for Raisa Alexandrovna's mother - Anna Savelyevna Nilogova (12/25/1921 – 11/13/1996); therefore, R. A. Arinicheva is brought to N. A. Nelogov – the 6th cousin niece, and he was her 6–year-old uncle. The common ancestor of the tested Nilogovs – Semyon Danilovich Nilogov – lived in the XVIII century. Having hypothesized about kinship based on documentary reconstruction, it was necessary to establish common segments in autosomal DNA at the genetic level using the statistical database The Shared cM Project 4.0 (March 2020) from the website https://thegeneticgenealogist.com / American geneticist Blaine Bettinger ^[3].

As a result of testing, the biological relationship between R. A. Arinicheva and N. A. Illogov was established. For statistical comparison, we also had a sample of N. A. Nelogov's 3rd cousin, Antonina Fedorovna Nelogova (married - Pechenkina, Sannikova; 30.04.1932 – 07.06.2020, kit 324996), whose genealogical relationship was verified earlier (^[4],[5],[6]; see also: ^[7],[8]). However, for A. F. Illogova, who, like N. A. Illogov, was R. A. Arinicheva's 6-year-old aunt, the autosomal test did not reveal any common fragments. The reason is obvious – crossover, as a result of which the number of common DNA fragments in distant descendants decreases. The average value of the common sections of chromosomes between a 6-year–old uncle/aunt (5C) and their nephew/niece (5C1R) is only 21 centimorgans (in genetics, this is a unit of measurement of genetic coupling between polymorphic fragments of the genome - loci or markers ^[9]), the range is 0-80 cM (^{[3],[10],[11]}). The result for N. A. Nelogov and his 6-year-old niece R. A. Arinicheva was 44 cM. Automatic sorting of the Family Finder Matches utility showed the following range in the degree of kinship (Relationship Range): 2nd Cousin – 4th Cousin.

Fig. 1. The Shared cM Project 4.0 (March 2020)^[1]Fig. 2. For the sample of N. A. Illogov.

Fig. 3. For the sample of Arinicheva R. A.

The longest section (Longest Block) on the 2nd chromosome was 34.7 cM.

Fig. 4. For the sample of N. A. Illogov.Fig. 5. For the sample of N. A. Illogov.

Fig. 6. For the sample of Arinicheva R. A.

The results of our tests were also uploaded to the GEDmatch database (UE5061312 – N. A. Nelogov, ZG6559654 – R. A. Arinicheva, nee – Nilogova) ^[13].

We indicated above that the average value between a 6-year-old uncle / aunt (5C) and their nephew /niece (5C1R) is 21 cM, according to the FTDNA database for N. A. Nelogov and R. A. Arinicheva (Nilogova) is 44 cM (when calculated in the Chromosome browser – 44.19 cM with 6+ centimorgan), and according to the Gedmatch database: Total cM – 46 cM, Total Half-Match segments (HIR, at min 3.0 cM) – 90.8 cM, maximum (on the 2nd chromosome) – 34.6 cM.

Fig. 7. https://classic.gedmatch.com/v_compare2.php (for samples by N. A. Nelogov and R. A. Arinicheva)Fig. 8. https://classic.gedmatch.com/OneToMany1TierBetaNew.php?kit_num=ZG6559654

Having established the genetic relationship of N. A. Nelogov and R. A. Arinicheva, it can be argued that the documentary genealogy of the Nilogovs was verified before the beginning of the XVIII century, in the first third of which Semyon Danilovich Nilogov was born (^[14],[15]).

The line of direct ancestors for N. A. Nelogov includes the following names: Semyon – Moses – Isosim – Peter – Anton – Alexey; for R. A. Arinicheva: Semyon – Nikon – Semyon – Stepan – Mikhail – Savely – Anna.

Now let's focus on the source proofs of the reconstructed pedigree. Let's start with the last tenth revision tale of the state peasants on February 22 (March 06), 1858 in the village of the Lower Spit of the Kosinsky rural society of the Yukseevsky parish of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province, in which our common ancestors lived before moving to Southern Siberia. The direct male line leading to N. A. Nelogov is recorded in the revision under No. 371, under which the families of two brothers, Dmitry and Isosim Moiseevich Nilogov, are recorded ^{[16, L. 424ob.-425, No. 371]}. At the end of 1859, the family of Isosim Moiseevich Nilogov will move to the village of Sagayskaya in the Tesinsky volost of the Minusinsky district of the Yenisei province. From the son of I. M. Nilogov from his second wife – Peter (born 03(15).01.1847) – there will be a direct male line leading to the author of the article and N. A. Nelogov. The ancestors of R. A. Arinicheva according to the census of 1858 are recorded under No. 372, where the families of Ilya Nestorovich Nilogov and his nephew, Stepan Semenovich Nilogov, are recorded ^{[16, L. 425ob.-426, No. 372]}. From the son of S. S. Nilogov – Mikhail, who, according to the revision of 1858, was shown to be 1.5 years old (born about 1856^[2]), the genealogical line leads to R. A. Arinicheva. Having two more previous revisions at our disposal, we will trace the family ties between these two Nilogov families. So, in the eighth revision on April 01(13), 1834, the village of Nizhnyaya Kosa belonged to the Nizhnokosinsky camp of the Selishchevskaya volost of the Cherdynsky Uyezd of the Perm province. The Nilogov family headed by Moses Semenovich Nilogov is recorded under No. 19 ^{[19, l. 154ob.-155, No. 19]}. Among our direct ancestors are the sons of M. S. Nilogov – Dmitry and Isosim, as well as Moses' nephews – Nikon's children Nestor and Semyon, that is, the children of Moses' own brother – Nikon Moiseevich, who died on 09(21).03.1814 at the age of 53 ^{[20, l. 256ob., No. 13]}. Opposite the second nephew of Moses Semyonovich – Semyon – there is a note according to which, according to the 7th revision of 1816, he was recorded as a foster child of peasant Trifon Petrov under No. 34. Apparently, after the death in 1814 of Nikon Moiseevich's father, 14-year-old Semyon was sheltered by Trifon Petrov (probably a neighbor or relative). The recorded son of Semyon Nikonovich, Stepan– is shown to be 9 years old (born around 1825^[3]); according to the metric record of the marriage/wedding on 17(29).01.1847, Stepan Semenovich Nilogov is shown to be 23 years old, that is, he was born around 1823 ^{[24, l. 70ob.-71, No. 5]} however, according to his age according to the last three revisions, he was born around 1825^[4].

Thus, the kinship relationship between several Nilogov families has been documented: the common ancestor of Moses and Nikon is Semyon. The sought–after Semen Danilovich Nilogov is recorded in the metrical books of the Nikolayev church of S. Kosinsky for the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XIX centuries. For example, in the metric book for 1803 there is an entry No. 14, according to which on February 06 (18), the peasant boy Semyon Nilogov, his son Philip, married the widow Akilina Fedorovna Chezhinovs ^{[26, L. 208, 209, No. 14]}. With the patronymic "Danilovich" Semyon Nilogov was recorded once in 1762, when the birth of his daughter Catherine was recorded ^{[27, L. 68, 70, No. 56]}. More details about this genealogical problem are described in our monograph "Up to the eighth generation..." ^{[28, pp. 8-9]} (see also: ^[29],[30]).

Fig. 9. A fragment of the metric book for 1762 ^{[27, l. 70, No. 56]}Fig. 10. A fragment of the metric book for 1803 ^{[26, l. 208, 209, No. 14]}

In the ninth revision on August 22 (September 03), 1850, the Nilogov families were recorded under No. 386, but separated by letters: the family of the deceased Moses Semenovich Nilogov was recorded under the letter A, and the family of the deceased Nester Nikonovich Nilogov was also recorded under the letter B ^{[31, L. 347ob.-349, No. 386, A, B]}.

In addition to the genealogical information from the audit tales, we have information from church metric books and assembly records, thanks to which we can confirm the family chains for N. A. Nelogov and R. A. Arinicheva.

So, the genealogical line for N. A. Nelogov includes the following list of documents:

1) act record No. 2 dated 03.01.1952 on the birth of N. A. Nelogov on 03.01.1952 ^[32];

2) primary certificate of the C3 series No. 626398 dated 07.02.1952 on the birth of N. A. Nelogov on 03.01.1952 ^[33];

3) an entry from S. Tigritsky's household book for 1934 on the composition of A. P. Nelogov's family ^{[34, L. 69ob.]};

Fig. 11. A fragment from the household book of the Tigritsky Village Council for 1934 ^{[34, l. 69ob.]}4) the birth certificate of A. A. Nelogov on 03/18/1926 ^[35];

5) the audit tale of D. The lower Spit of the Kosinsky rural society of the Yukseevskaya volost of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province on 22.02(06.03).1858 ^{[16, l. 424ob.-425, No. 371]};

6) the revision tale of D. The lower Spit of the Kosinsky rural society of the Yukseevskaya volost of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province on 22.08(03.09).1850 ^{[31, l. 347ob.-348, No. 386A]};

7) metric record No. on the birth/baptism of P. Z. Nilogov in 1847 ^{[24, l. 1ob.-2, No. 1]};

8) metric record No. on the marriage/wedding of I. M. Nilogov in 1843 ^{[36, L. 76ob.-77, 91ob.-92 (double); No. 4]};

9) the audit tale of D. The Lower Spit of the Nizhne-Kosinsky camp of the Selishchensk volost of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province 01(13).04.1834 ^{[19, l. 154ob.-155, No. 19]};

10) metric record No. on the birth/baptism of I. M. Nilogov in 1814 ^{[20, L. 248, No. 11]}.

The genealogical line for R. A. Arinicheva (nee Nilogova) includes the following list of documents:

1) act entry No. 31 dated 03/21/1961 on the birth of R. A. Nilogova on 03/13/1961 ^[37];

2) primary certificate of series II-YA No. 091328 dated 03/22/1961 on the birth of R. A. Nilogova on 03/13/1961 ^[38];

3) repeated certificate of the YAA series No. 730863 dated 10/16/1952 on the birth of A. S. Nilogova on 12/25/1921 ^[39];

4) act entry No. 380 dated 12/25/1921 on the birth of A. S. Nilogova on 12/25/1921 ^[40];

5) metric record No. 117 on the birth/baptism of S. M. Nilogov on 22.11(04.12).1899/05(17).12.1899 ^{[41, l. 51ob.-52, No. 117]};

6) metric record No. 52 on the marriage/wedding of M. S. Nilogov 11(23).07.1886 ^{[42, l. 71ob.-72, No. 52]};

7) metric record No. 6 on the marriage/wedding of M. S. Illogov on 24.01(04.02).1879 ^{[43, l. 139ob.-140, No. 6]};

8) the revision tale of D. The lower Spit of the Kosinsky rural society of the Yukseevskaya volost of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province on 22.02(06.03).1858 ^{[16, l. 425ob.-426, No. 372]};

9) the audit tale of D. The lower Spit of the Kosinsky rural society of the Yukseevskaya volost of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province on 22.08(03.09).1850 ^{[31, l. 348ob.-349, No. 386B]};

10) metric record No. 5 on the marriage/wedding of S. S. Nilogov 17(29).01.1847 ^{[24, l. 70ob.-71, No. 5]};

Fig. 12. A fragment from the metrical book of the St. Nicholas Church of the village of Kosa for 1847 ^{[1847, l. 70ob.]}11) the revision tale of D.

The Lower Spit of the Nizhne-Kosinsky camp of the Selishchensk volost of the Cherdynsky district of the Perm province 01(13).04.1834 ^{[19, l. 154ob.-155, No. 19]};

12) metric record No. 12 on the marriage/wedding of S. N. Nilegov on 30.01(11.02).1820 (^{[44, L. 248, No. 12],[45, L. 232, No. 12]}).

Fig. 13. Fragment from the metrical book of the St. Nicholas Church of the village of Kosa for 1820 ^{[45, l. 232]}

In conclusion, let us ask ourselves why this reconstructed line of Nilogovs, and not another, was confirmed by the genetic and genealogical methodology. Another pedigree line that can give autosomal kinship is, first of all, the female line, assuming that the common ancestor for N. A. Nelogov and R. A. Arinicheva is not Semyon Danilovich Nilogov, but the one whose female descendants made a genetic contribution to both donors. In order to try to solve this problem, it is necessary to compare the reconstructed female lines that are geographically closest, that is, they belong to the parish of the St. Nicholas Church of the village of Kosa. Since there are no chronological labels in the autosomal genome, and inheritance is a random process, the conclusions obtained are probabilistic in nature. Statistics of such probability are summarized in the studies of B. Bettinger, which we referred to at the beginning of the article (The Shared cM Project 4.0), however, to doubt the results of interpretation does not mean to simplify the task, but to show the objective complexity of the genetic river of life (Dawkins) ^[46]. It is even possible to formulate a genetic "Perelman problem": inheritance occurs at long time intervals not from a common ancestor who lived several centuries ago, but from a certain set of ancestors who lived several centuries ago^[5]. It is impossible to carry out a documentary reconstruction of all female lines due to the lack of a complete set of marriage records in which the maiden names of the brides were recorded. Consequently, it is not worth falling into a bad infinity of methodological doubts in the presence of positive results, especially since DNA testing (Family Finder) could not reveal common fragments at all with such a distant degree of kinship, nevertheless, they were obtained. The last available doubt is the quality of the test itself, which is not made using the latest Whole Genome Sequencing technology; it is possible that full–genome sequencing in such an American laboratory as Nebula Genomics ^[48] would have given more accurate results, but N. A. Nelogov ^[49] died in 2021 (^[50],[51]) (see also: ^{[52],[53],[54],[55]}).

Thus, as a result of the genetic and genealogical study of several representatives of the genus Nilogov, the degree of their biological kinship was confirmed both on the basis of the reconstructed documentary pedigree and with the help of DNA analysis of autosomes of donors. Thanks to a comprehensive study of genealogical and genetic information, it was possible to establish a kinship relationship between Nikolai Alekseevich Nelogov (1952 – 2021) and Raisa Alexandrovna Arinicheva-Nilogova (born 1961) at the level of a sixth degree. The prospect of further study of the pedigree to deepen verification depends on the identification of potential DNA donors, whose main area of residence includes the Komi-Permyatsky District of the Perm Territory. ^[1] See also ^[12].

^[2] Unfortunately, the metric book of the St. Nicholas Church of S. Kosinsky for 1856 has been partially preserved: there are no records just about birth/baptism ^[17]. In the metric book for 1857, the desired entry was not revealed ^[18]. According to the revision of 1858, M. S. Nilogov should have been born in 1856.

^[3] The metric book of the St. Nicholas Church of S. Kosinsky for 1825 has not yet been digitized ^[21], and therefore is not available for viewing on the websites of the "Generations of the Perm Region" ^[22] and "Archives of the Kama Region" ^[23].

^[4] According to the metric record No. 88 on death/burial, Stefan Semenov Yelogov (so in the document) died/buried 01(13).11.1884/03(15).11.1884 years from old age; unfortunately, age is poorly read ^{[25, l. 80ob.-81, No. 88]}.

^[5] Cf.: "Another difficulty in the search results for relatives may be false positive results – people with whom you share DNA fragments, but your common ancestor lived more than 10 generations ago. Determining the degree of kinship between two genomes is a complex bioinformatic task. In addition to the fact that it is necessary to identify matching fragments in DNA, it is also necessary to understand: did these fragments get into the genomes of two people from common ancestors who lived several generations ago, or are they from a common ancestor who lived several centuries ago?" ^{[47, pp. 418-419]}.