About the dates of foundation of old-age settlements on the territory of the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region

Dotsenko Sergei Vladimirovich History teacher, Municipal budgetary educational institution Maslyaninskaya basic secondary school No. 2 633564, Russia, Novosibirsk region, Maslyanino, Leninskaya str., 48 svddok@yandex.ru

Dotsenko Aleksei Sergeevich History teacher, municipal budgetary educational institution of the city of Novosibirsk "Secondary school No. 49" 630126, Russia, Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Vilyuiskaya str., 11 Allexx-96@mail.ru

 "Historians are well aware that no permanent, hitherto existing Russian settlement on the territory of the Novosibirsk region could have been founded earlier than the 1680s," writes V. A. Zverev, Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor of the NSPU ^[16]. It was Vladimir Alexandrovich who raised an important problem concerning the celebration of dubious anniversaries of old-time settlements. He drew attention to the fact that, unfortunately, it has become the norm when erroneous dates of the founding of old-age villages, without critical analysis, pass from one publication to another in the media, pushing fake anniversaries. This problem is relevant not only for the Novosibirsk region, but also for neighboring regions.The problem of erroneous dating of old-time settlements has been overdue for a long time.

  This question was raised by Russian scientists, specialists in the history of Siberia: V. A. Zverev, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of NGPU, F. S. Kuznetsova, associate Professor, Candidate of Historical Sciences. The priority in the historical study of local lore should be the pursuit of objectivity and accuracy, and not the creation of new and maintenance of existing myths.It should be noted that the topic of erroneous dating of old-time settlements of the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region has not been sufficiently studied.

  There are popular science books, literary collections of local lore, anniversary albums and newspaper publications on the history of the district, but the dates of the founding of settlements given in them do not contain any indication of the source. No special works on the research topic were found.Our hypothesis is that the foundation of a number of settlements in the Maslyaninsky district should be attributed to a later period than is commonly believed.

 The scientific novelty of this work is due, as mentioned above, to insufficient knowledge of the topic.

  The article deals with the issues of dating the emergence of old-time settlements on the territory of the Maslyaninsky district, which was not previously the subject of a special historical analysis.The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the XVIII century .

 The main source is the materials of the State Archive of the Altai Territory (Barnaul), it is in this archive that most of the documents on the Novosibirsk region relating to the period under study are stored, data from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow), the works of Russian scientists: D. N. Belikov, Y. S. Bulygin, N. A. Minenko, A. H. Elerta.

 The main method used in the course of the work is the collection of information and its analysis.

  When considering the dating options presented by different sources, the method of comparative analysis was used.The practical significance of this work is that the collected materials allow us to take a fresh look at the history of the settlement of the Maslyaninsky district.

  These materials will be interesting and useful to anyone interested in the history of Siberia. In the XVII century. colonization, commercial and peasant, was directed to the northern part of Siberia.

  On the one hand, the taiga attracted hunters with fur wealth. On the other hand, the southern steppes and forest-steppes were inaccessible to the settlement of peasants due to the raids of nomads. It should not be forgotten that even in the 1630s and 1640s, the heirs of Kuchum continued to resist the Russian voivodes here. Then the Dzungarian Khanate entered the arena of struggle. Throughout the XVII century, the border points in Southern Siberia were the following: Tsarevo Gorodishche (Kurgan), Tara, Tomsk and Kuznetsk. The Barabinsk steppe was bypassed, the road from Tobolsk went along the Ob. Only at the beginning of the XVIII century. there was a passage through the steppe from Tara to Tomsk under the protection of a detachment of Cossacks, and even in the 1740s. officials did not travel through the steppe without protection.In the "Drawing book of Siberia" by S. U. Remezov there is a plan on which it is indicated: "The Berd river between the Steleutsky land".

  The Berd River flows through the territory of the Novosibirsk region within the boundaries of the Maslyaninsky district, and even the village of Maslyanino itself is divided into two parts by the Berd River. So, the border between two hostile states - Russia and Dzungaria - passed through the territory of the Maslyaninsky district, and it is very doubtful that under these conditions Russian villages could appear here. This became possible only during the weakening of Dzungaria: from the first half of the XVIII century. and not earlier.Where do incorrect dates, mythical information about villages with a history almost equal to Ermak's campaign come from?

  In our opinion, one of such sources for the Maslyaninsky district is the information given in the book of local historian Alexei Ivanovich Perfiliev "On the spurs of the Salair Ridge" (1994). In it, A. I. Perfiliev gave the dates of the foundation of the settlements of the district. We open the book and on the first page we read the title: "Maslyanino – 350 years" ^{[21, p. 5]}.Then this information about the time of the founding of the villages and villages of the Maslyaninsky district spread through the pages of newspapers, district and regional, and became part of popular science books, literary and local history collections, anniversary albums, appeared both on the websites of Maslyaninsky state bodies and on private pages.

  There are many similar examples, and a separate study can be devoted to this.    K. A. Nechaev contributed to the spread of misconceptions.

  In his book "Materials from the history of settlements of the Novosibirsk region", for example, he claims that the first Russian village - Kirza - appeared in the Ordynsky district in 1460, i.e. a hundred years before Ermak's campaign in Siberia.  There is information there about the foundation of some Maslyanin settlements: Chupino (1626), Dresvyanka (1719), Paivino (1776). ^{[20, pp. 89-91]}. K. A. Nechaev compiled his list of ancient settlements on the basis of the "List of inhabited places of the Siberian Territory for 1926".Unreliable information can be gleaned from the books of Novosibirsk local historian L. P. Chernobai, for example, in the "Handbook of Local History of the Novosibirsk region".

  In his books there are historical references about the objects of the Maslyaninsky district, and they are erroneous in relation to old-time settlements. The dates indicated by L. P. Chernobai largely repeat the information of A. I. Perfiliev.  Maslyaninsky local historian T. G. Gridchina, unfortunately, also did not avoid mistakes in the almanac "Pages of the history of the Maslyaninsky district". We have compiled a summary table, where we indicated which dates of foundation of some settlements of the Maslyaninsky district are found in the books of these authors.

Now it is difficult to say where A. I. Perfiliev took the data for his work, but we assume that Alexey Ivanovich could use the data from the book "List of populated places of the Siberian Territory for 1926". Our assumption is based on the fact that the "List ..." is still most often used when compiling various "anniversary calendars" and lists of the foundation of settlements. Professor Zverev believes that the vast majority of dating of the emergence of settlements in the Novosibirsk region is taken from Volume 1 of this book. The use of information from the "List ..." leads to unreliability of information about the dates of occurrence of old-time settlements.  The reason for this is that in the "List of populated places of the Siberian Territory for 1926" data from the cards of the first census of the USSR were used. These cards could not contain authentic information about the time of the emergence of settlements of the XVII-XVIII centuries, since they were filled in from the words of people who lived at the beginning of the XX century, who could hardly name the exact date of the founding of the village, two centuries away from them. "All the dates before the XVIII century in this list are fantastic, and most of the dates of the XVIII–XIX centuries need careful verification, at least in documentary substantiation," writes Professor Zverev ^[16]. Thus, the data from the book "List of inhabited places of the Siberian Territory for 1926" and information from the books of the above authors: Nechaev, Perfiliev, Chernobai, Gridchina – cannot be considered reliable. Moreover, the data from these books, by and large, cannot be considered sources at all, because there are no references to archival materials in them, therefore, these data are not documented. To obtain documentary evidence in order to identify the real dates of the emergence of old-time settlements, we used the following sources: "audit tales" and documents from the Office of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk factories.

Based on archival documents, we were able to determine the dates of foundation of a number of settlements in the Maslyaninsky district. When quoting documents, we have kept the original spelling, as well as the style and structure of the source text.

We give a double dating: an accurate and reliable date.

Where this is known, the exact date of foundation is indicated. If the exact date is not found, the date of the earliest indisputable news about the existence of the settlement (at the moment) is given — a reliable date.Chupino.

Number one on our list is S. Chupino, founded in 1626 (i.e. 395 years ago). The exact date is 1764 (138 years later). Here is what the Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Nina Adamovna Minenko writes: "The village arose in 1764, when the peasants of Chupina moved here from the village of Kintepskaya – widow Marfa Konstantinovna 41 years old with children – Vasily 4 years old, and Praskovya 3 years old..." ^{[19, p. 55]}.

Penkovo. Penkovo is a village "founded in 1631" (this year it may celebrate its 390th anniversary). The exact date is 1766 (which is 135 years later). From the documents of the IV revision: "On August 1782, on the 1st day of the Kolyvan region, the former before this jurisdiction of the Bersky prison, the village of Penkov, expelled to the Barnaul district, the foreman Fedor Ognev, the lutchy people Ivan Shipulin Vasily Ognev, by the strength of the November 1781, the 16th day of HER imperial majesty and the people of the published manifesto, gave this skask...

Villages of Penkova

It was established after the last pre-sim revision by the undersigned in 1766. By themselves, the Bersky prison from the village of Nikonova, written in the last pre-sim revision in this Nikonova village, passed into it.

The deceased Timofey Nikonov 's son Ognev 's children

Spiridon - 57

Athanasius - 53" ^[1].

Buttery. Then Maslyanino, "appeared in 1644" (this year 377 years).  The reliable date is 1734 (90 years later).

Initially, we found a document in the archival fund of the Office of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk Mining Administration of His Imperial Majesty's Cabinet - this is a list of peasants assigned for 1748. It was this year that historian Y. S. Bulygin considered the first indisputable news about D. Maslyanino.

"Inventory

The peasants of the Berdsky prison were taken by the per capita audit about the souls of the peasant to the factory department and examined who was fit and unfit for work and why who died fled or was taken as a recruit, which was caused at the location for the per capita salary of various many on the face, moreover, there were no for they were at the factories in work and other absences, they announced them the elders with the centurions and the chosen payers and at the same time it is reported in it according to the announcement of the peasants of the elders of the centurions and payers who has a residence in these villages in them and according to their own peasants who have been on them for how many years and who had children in the census not written about it appears below this 1748 month of May day.

Bersky prison

Osip Nefedov son of Barefoot – 34

His brother Fedor is 32

Fyodor has children

Fedor - 4

Leonty - 3

They live in a prison in the village of Maslyanina along the Berd river" ^[2].

However , there is an earlier mention – 1734 . This date is indicated in the work of the famous Russian scientist Gerard Miller "Descriptions of Siberian counties". In 1734, while traveling in Siberia, he made notes in German. For a number of reasons, these works have been unclaimed for many years, and only recently they have been translated and published. In the description of the Kuznetsky Uyezd of the Tomsk province, made by Miller in September 1734, there is a mention of Maslyanino: "They belong to the Berdsky prison...On the southern bank of the Berd River, upstream ... the village of Maslanova (sheet 31 of the manuscript)" ^{[22, p. 31]}. This is the earliest indisputable news about the existence of our village.

Suenga. Suenga is a village "founded in 1644". The exact date is 1787 (which is 143 years later than the accepted one).

In the "Audit tales of the Berdskaya Sloboda of 1795" it is recorded: "... 1795, March 4 days of the Kolyvan viceroyalty of the Biysk district of the Borovlyanskaya Sloboda of the village of Suenge, foreman Ananey Dorfeev son of Wolves with the best people in the strength of June 1794, 23 days of Her Imperial Majesty and the people of the published decree gave this fairy tale....

The village of Suenga, which was established after 782 (so in the text of the document. In the "fairy tales" there is a omission of the first digit – author's note) of the revision without any permission of the same settlement from different villages by the peasants listed below in 787.From the village of Lisvyanka

Dorfei Fedotov Volkov - 50

He has children: Dmitry – 28 Fedor – 26 Kiprian – 25 Ivan – 23 Ananya - 21

Matthew - 19 Philip - 16 Ivan – 14 ..." ^[3].

Nikonovo. The village of Nikonovo was also "founded in 1644". The reliable date is 1734 (90 years later).

There is a document in the archival fund of the Office of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk Mining Administration of His Imperial Majesty's Cabinet - a list of peasants assigned for 1748. It was this year that the famous historian Y. S. Bulygin considered the first indisputable news about the village of Nikonovo.

"Inventory

The peasants of the Berdsky prison were taken by the per capita audit about the souls of the peasant to the factory department and examined who was fit and unfit for work and why who died fled or was taken as a recruit, which was caused at the location for the per capita salary of various many on the face, moreover, there were no for they were at the factories in work and other absences, they announced them the elders with the centurions and the chosen payers and at the same time it is reported in it according to the announcement of the peasants of the elders of the centurions and payers who has a residence in these villages in them and according to their own peasants who have been on them for how many years and who had children in the census not written about it appears below this 1748 month of May day.

Bersky prison

Grigory Lukyanov son of Ershov star – 76

He has a son Ivan 29

Ivan has children Fedor – 8 Peter – 5 Stepan – 3

They live in a prison in the village of Ust-Ukropskaya Nikonovo, too

Dmitry Andreev son of Baryshev star – 60

He has children Nikolai – 21 Kozma – 15 Ivan – 10

that prison in the village of Ust-Ukropskaya Nikonovo too" ^[4].

 But there is also an earlier mention – 1734 . This date is indicated in the notes of the Russian scientist Gerard Miller. In the description of the Kuznetsky Uyezd of the Tomsk province (made in September 1734), there is a mention of the village: "They belong to the Berdsky ostrog... On the southern bank of the Berd River, upstream ... the village of Nikonov" ^{[22, p. 31]}. This is the earliest indisputable news about the existence of this settlement.

Borkovo. Borkovo is a village "founded in 1719." The exact date is 1789. (80 years later).

We look at the "V revision tales of the Berdskaya Sloboda of 1795", it states: "... the villages of Borkova and Pustoplyasova were established after the 1782 revision by peasants who voluntarily moved out of different settlements and villages in 1789.Borovlyanskaya settlement of the village of Anisimova

Arkhip Borkov - 56. He has children

Khariton - 45

Pantelei - 42

Ivan - 39

Osip - 28

daughter Paraskovya - 34" ^[5] (Based on the text, fifty-six-year-old Arkhip Borkov has children: Khariton is 45, Panteley is 42 and Ivan is 39. It turns out that Arkhip's older children were born when he was 11 and 13 years old, respectively. It seems doubtful, but so it appears in the document. This is probably a copyist's mistake. We did not edit or remove the date. The texts of all documents are presented without any editing.)

Barsukovo.  It is said about the village of Barsukovo that the settlement "originated in 1721," so this year it can celebrate its 300th anniversary. However, in the "Audit tales of the Berdskaya Sloboda of 1782" you can find other information and other dates.

"On August 1782, on the 2nd day of the Kolyvan region , formerly under the jurisdiction of the Bersky prison , the village of Barsukov , the foreman Vasily Shemonaev and the lutchy people Timofey Shemonaev and Ivan Pyankov , according to the strength of the November 1781, the 16th day of Her imperial majesty and the people of the published manifesto, gave this skask ...

Villages of Barsukova

it was established in 1770 by a Bersky prison written in the last revision before this in the village of Kraskova peasants

Ivan Savelyev son of Drunks

he has a wife , Tatiana Trifonova , the daughter of the Berdsky prison of the village of Nikonova , the state peasant Trifon Ognev

they have children born after the revision:

Denis - 17

Kozma - 14

daughter of the girl Paraskovya - 14 (twins)". ^[6]

Thus, Barsukovo was founded in 1770 by the Pyankov family, Ivan Savelyich and Tatiana Trifonovna, with children who voluntarily moved from the village of Kraskova. The exact date is 1770 .Yelban.

The village of Yelban is a settlement "founded in 1871" The exact date is 1786."V revision tales of the Berdskaya Sloboda of 1795": "On March 1795, on the 5th day of the Kolyvan viceroyalty of the Biysk district of the Borovlyanskaya Sloboda of the newly established village of Yelbanskaya, foreman Rodion Kuretnikov with the best people by the strength of the 1794 June 23rd day of Her Imperial Majesty and the people published the decree gave this fairy tale...

Elbanskaya village

It was established after the last revision in 1782 by peasants who voluntarily gathered from villages in 786 .Borovlyanskaya sloboda from the village of Lisvenki

Alexey Yakovlev Kochegarov - 45 

He has a brother Athanasius - 41

Their deceased brother Fyodor 's wife Matryona Semenova - 58

She has children written in the last revision Pavel - 34, Semyon - 33, daughter Maria - 25

Pavel 's wife Agrofen Tikhonov 's daughter took the village of Bezmenova peasant Chebunin - 30

Her children were born after the revision

Andrey - 3, Fyodor's daughters - 6, Anisya – 2" ^[7].

Dresvyanka. The village of Dresvyanka "was founded in 1719" (302 years). No exact documentary evidence of the village's origin has been found. However, we believe that it could not have appeared earlier than 1799. Our assumptions are based on the following facts. Firstly, it is missing in the book of D. N. Belikov, who compiled a complete list of places in the Kolyvan region based on the results of the 10th revision - 1782. Secondly, it is not listed in Y. S. Bulygin, who compiled a chronological list of settlements for 1795. It is not on the map of Kuznetsk County in 1798 (the rest of the settlements are marked). That is, until 1799, the village of Dresvyanka is not on the map or in the lists of populated places. It appears on the map of the Kolyvan-Voskresensky mountain district in 1816. Thus, the basis of D. Dresvyanka is possible in the period 1799 - 1816, but not earlier.

Mamonovo. The situation with this village is exactly the opposite. A. I. Perfiliev, L. P. Chernobai, and the "List ..." give us the founding time as 1781 (1871)."There is a high probability that Mamonovo is the oldest settlement on the territory of the Maslyaninsky district. According to our data, the village was founded three times: in 1721, 1748 and 1766.

The first mention dates back to 1721 . In the census book of the Kuznetsk District for 1721, the peasants of the village of Mamonova of the Bersky ostrog are indicated ^[8]. This is the earliest indisputable news about the existence of this settlement. Until 1734, the village existed, because it is mentioned by G. Miller in the description of the Kuznetsky district. However, in the 2nd half of the 30s of the XVIII century. because of the pestilence, the village died out.

The next mention of Mamonovo dates back to 1748. It is found in the census documents of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk factories.

From the list of peasants assigned to Demidov's factories follows: "From the same Bersky prison, peasants assigned to the local factories of Adviser Demidov to Barnaul: Villages of Mamonova

Written in the previous census

Ivan Vasiliev is Bobrovskaya 's son , he has children written in the previous census

Grigory – 30, Semyon - 28, Ivan - 26,

after the census , Grigory 's children were born

Dmitry – 13, Mikhail - 10, Alexey - 5, Maxim – 3, Peter – 2...

in total, there are seventy-eight souls in the village of Mamonova..." ^[9].

And from the list of the revision of the raznochinets we will find out:

«...Villages of Mamonova raznochintsy

Written in the previous census Osip Maksimov son Talovsky - 65,

he has children in the previous census written by Nikifor – 28,

After the census, born Avdey – 15, Ivan – 8

In total, there are four souls in the village of Mamonova raznochintsev." ^[10].

So, as of 1748, 82 male souls lived in Mamonovo, not counting women, because they were not taken into account by the census.

However, then the village empties again. The reason could be another plague or fire, or maybe they just abandoned and moved to a new place, and this happened.

It was revived for the third time in 1766 . In the revision of 1782, the village of Mamonovo is listed as established "again". And it was revived by the peasants who previously lived in D. Verkhno-Dyatlevoy. Here is an extract from the document "Audit tales of the Berdskaya Sloboda of 1782": "The village of Mamonova was established in 1766 again

they moved that year to the Bersky prison, written in the last revision before this in the village of Verkhno-Dyatleva

Efim Maksimov son of Talovskaya - 75

he has children Vasily - 42

Fedor – 29..." ^[11].

Big Izyrak. The situation is similar with the village of Bolshoy Izyrak. This year the village celebrated 165 years: the official date is 1855. We believe that it occurred earlier than the specified date. "By 1819 , there were villages in Legostaevskaya volost… Izyratskaya...", - writes Professor N. A. Minenko ^{[19, p. 96]}. In addition, according to the salary books of 1845, there is a village in Legostaevskaya volost. Izyrak on the Izyrak River. And on the map of the Kolyvan-Voskresenskaya mountain district of 1816, we see S. Izyrak (also on the Izyrak River). Thus, as of 1816, the village already exists. And this means that he is not 165 years old, but 204 years old...

Payvino. The village of Paivino arose earlier than is commonly believed (1776).  The reliable date is 1748 .There is a document in the archive fund of the Office of the Kolyvan-Voskresensk Mining Administration of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty - a list of peasants assigned for 1748.

"Inventory

The peasants of Malyshevskaya sloboda accepted by the per capita audit about the souls of the peasant half of the books to the factory department and examined who was fit and unfit for work and why who died ran away or was taken as a recruit which was caused at the location for the per capita salary of various many on the face, moreover, there were no for they were at the factories in work and other absences, they announced them the elders with the centurions and the chosen payers and at the same time it is reported in it according to the announcement of the peasants of the village elders of the centurions and payers who has a residence in these villages and according to their own peasants who have been on them for how many years and children who have not been written in the census appear below this 1748 month of May day.

To Malyshevskaya Sloboda

Barkov Maxim son Manoshin – 33

He has a son Ivan – 4

he lives on the Berda River in the village of Paivina" ^[12].

This is the earliest indisputable news about the existence of this settlement.

Thus, in the course of this study, it was possible to find out how the unreliable dates of the foundation of the old-time settlements of the Maslyaninsky district arose and thanks to what they have reached our days. Specialists who were engaged in the topic of dating old-time settlements of the Novosibirsk region and the Maslyaninsky district, as well as the sources they used, were identified.

Local historian K. A. Nechaev used the "List ... 1926". A. I. Perfiliev could use the data of the book by K. A. Nechaev, which is the earliest of all publications on this topic, and the "List ... 1926". L. P. Chernobai, T. G. Gridchina, in turn, took for their works information about the time of the appearance of settlements Maslyaninsky district from the books of A. I. Perfiliev. Subsequently, their works were repeatedly cited and used in publications of district and regional newspapers, popular science books, literary collections of local lore.

The information from the "List of populated places of the Siberian Territory for 1926" is unreliable for the reason that when they were compiled, data from the cards of the first census of the USSR were used, which were filled in from the words of people who lived at the beginning of the XX century and did not know the exact date of the founding of the village, which appeared about two hundred years ago. 

The study of the "audit tales" and the documents of the Office of the Kolyvan-Voskresensky Factories and the conclusions drawn on their basis allow us to assert that the settlement of the territory of the modern Maslyaninsky district begins no earlier than the middle of the XVII century. It was during this period of time that a number of villages were founded.

In the course of the study, it was found that out of twelve old-age settlements of the Maslyaninsky district of the Novosibirsk region, nine belong to a later period than is commonly believed, which confirmed our hypothesis. It was possible to determine the dates of the founding of settlements: Chupino (1764), Penkovo (1766), Maslyanino (1734), Suenga (1787), Nikonovo (1734), Borkovo (1789), Barsukovo (1770), Bolshoy Izyrak (1816).

Separately, it is necessary to highlight the Dresvyanka (1799-1816). The exact date of its foundation is unknown, but it was possible to significantly reduce the time period when it appeared to 17 years. According to him, this settlement appeared significantly later than the currently established official date of foundation (1719).

The villages that arose earlier than the generally accepted dates include Yelban (1786), Paivino (1748), Mamonovo (1721).

The data obtained in the course of the study have scientific and practical significance. They will be useful to the district museum of local lore, the library, a number of public organizations, history teachers and the district newspaper. They can be in demand in lessons on regional history and used in educational activities.