Reference:
Butenko V., Mohammadi S..
Regionalization and “new” regionalism
// Law and Politics. – 2020. – № 7.
– P. 105-113.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.7.43351.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2020.7.43351
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of regionalization. The authors note that regions begin to play a more important role in the local and global political processes. Special attention is given to the “old” and “new” regionalism. The application of comparative method alongside the method of analysis and synthesis allowed determining the characteristic features of the two types of regionalism. If the “old” regionalism suggests a complicated system of relationships on different levels, partial transfer of state sovereignty, the peculiarities of “new” regionalism include the rejection of bureaucratic supranational institutions, equality of participants, and opportunity to be a member of other organizations. The article also describes the attributed to Russian and Near Eastern regionalisms. The problem of choosing the model of Russian regionalism is determined by the need for development of such value within the political culture as federalism. Despite repeated attempts, Near Eastern regionalism remains underdeveloped, which is substantiated by the simmering conflicts, ongoing wars, as well as external interference to the domestic affairs of other states. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive coverage of theoretical aspects of regionalism and comparison of its types. The authors conclude that the potential of “new” regionalism should be used for settlement the issues of regional (growing into global) character.
Keywords: European Union, transregionalism, new regionalism, old regionalism, regionalism, regionalization, region, ASEAN, Russia, Middle East
References:
Bogatyreva O.N. Evropeyskie modeli regionalizma: uchebnoe posobie. Ekaterinburg: Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2018. 171 s.
Busygina I.M. Regionalizatsiya «makro» i regionalizatsiya «mezo»: fazy regional'nogo stroitel'stva v Zapadnoy Evrope // Geografiya mirovogo khozyaystva: traditsii, sovremennost', perspektivy. Moskva, Smolensk: Oykumena, 2016. S. 268–280
Vladimirova V.V. Osobennosti rossiyskogo federalizma // Pravo i zakon: istoriya, teoriya i praktika / Pod red. S.G. Kiseleva. M.: «MAKS Press», 2015. S. 116–132.
Evropeyskiy soyuz v global'nom ekonomicheskom upravlenii / Otv. red. M.V. Strezhneva. M.: IMEMO RAN, 2017. 255 s.
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Zhuravleva G.P., Grishin V.I. [i dr.] Ekonomicheskoe razvitie v novom tysyacheletii: Rossiya i ee regiony. Ulan-Ude: Vostochno-Sibirskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet tekhnologiy i upravleniya, 2015. 461 s.
Kiting M. Novyy regionalizm v Za
Reference:
Rybakov A.V..
Development scenarios of the crisis processes in the European Union: reforms or decline?
// Law and Politics. – 2019. – № 4.
– P. 28-35.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.4.43228.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.4.43228
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the political, demographic, and socioeconomic processes taking place in the European Union. The analysis demonstrates that the strong clash between the Euro-integration and Euro-skeptical trends within theoretical discussions and at the level of policy implementation, manifests as the result of crisis of the Euro-Integration processes. Crucial significance attains the assessment of effectiveness and correspondence with realities of current development of the mechanism and patterns of interaction in the context of this integration community. The goal of this work lies in identification of the causes led to such type of crisis phenomena, as well as alternative ways of their overcoming. The following conclusions were made: the clash of various positions with regards to the expansion of EU boundaries and magnitude of Euro-integration leads to imbalance of political powers and growth of Euro-skepticism, which in turn, justifies the fluctuations in the EU strategic course; the existing difference in economic level of the EU member-states lead to escalation of disagreements in the overall EU economic policy; the fundamental differences are observed in the question of the division of powers between the EU communitarian bodies and national governments. Namely these three problems and methods of their solution represents conceptual alternatives to the development of the European Union. Without their fundamental resolution and reformatting of the institutions and policy of the European Union, further Euro-integration is doubtful.
Keywords: European Union enlargement, Member States, Euro-integration structures, crisis processes, Euro-skepticism, Euro-integration, European Union, European Union institutions, Fourth Industrial Revolution, forecasts
References:
Emmer F., Petrovi S. The Past, Present, and Future of EU Enlargement. – Fordham International Law Journal, Vol.37, 5 Issue 2014, URL: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2350&context=ilj (data obrashcheniya-13.01.2019); Xing Hua. EU Enlargement in the 21st Century: New Stage and Challenges. – China Institute of International Studies, 23 September 2014, URL: http:// www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-09/23/content_7254504.htm (data obrashcheniya-13.01.2019; Jano D. Brexit implications on eu enlargement is it make or break time? – Policy Brief, 27 June 2016, EU Policy Hub Communicating Europe, URL: http://www.eupolicyhub.eu/ wp-content/uploads/2017/09/1.-Brexit_implications_on_EU_enlargement.pdf (data obrashcheniya-13.01.2019); Stojić M. EU enlargement after Brexit: Temporary turmoil or the final nail in the coffin of enlargement? – The European Parties Elections and Referendums Network (EPERN), 15 December 2016, URL: https://epern.wordpress.com/2016/12/15/eu-enlargement-after-brexit-temporary-turmoil-
Reference:
Grachev B..
The problem of determining the structure of a political system within integration bloc
// Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 11.
– P. 23-30.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.11.43197.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.11.43197
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Abstract: The object of this research is the integration bloc at the stage of the Customs Union and higher levels. The subject of this research is the political system of such union as a new type of political organization of the society. The focus of attention is the problem of determining the presence of political system within integration blocs. The author gives a conceptual insight into the nature of such political system, the process of their origination and development, as well what role is played by political actors in this process. An attempt is made to structuralize the system under consideration, as well as describe its key levels. The author examines the peculiarities of development of the political process. The accomplishments of Gabriel Almond’s structural-functional approach and David Easton’s systemic approach underlie the methodological foundation of this work. The political system of integration bloc is considered through the categories “entrance – exit – feedback”; the particular provisions of the theory of multilevel governance are applied. The author’s main contribution lies in identification of the key distinctions between the national and supranational political systems, determination and description of the levels of the latter, as well as exposition of the mechanism of political process. The acquired results advance the methodology of integrative research and comparative approach in political science overall, allowing to conduct the analysis of sustainability of political objects of supranational level, as well as the backbone for political forecasting.
Keywords: Integration, Multilevel governance theory, Regional integration, Methods of international intagration studies, Structural functionalism in integration blocks analysis, Political system of integration block, Political system, Structural Functionalism, Comparative studies methodology, Multilevel governance
References:
Hooghe L., Marks G. Multi-Level Governance and European Integration. L., 2001.
Kassim H. Policy Networks, Networks and European Union Policy-Making: a Sceptical View // West European Politics, 1993 – vol. 17, no. 4, p. 15–27.
Multi-Level Governance of Innovation and Smart Specialisation. CBSS research paper. [elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://www.cbss.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Multi-Level-Governance.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 12.11.2018).
V mire est' tol'ko dva prodvinutykh integratsionnykh soyuza – Evropeyskiy i Evraziyskiy / interv'yu s T.D. Valovoy [elektronnyy resurs] URL: http://press-unity.com/analitika/9985.html (data obrashcheniya: 12.11.2018).
Grachev B.V. Politicheskaya sistema integratsionnogo ob'edineniya // Mirovaya politika. 2016. № 3. S.53-60.
Gromoglasova E.S. Teoriya i praktika politicheskogo upravleniya v Evropeyskom Soyuze. M., 2009. 116 s.
Savorskaya, E. V. (2012). Politicheskie seti v mnogourovnevom upravlenii ES. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, (4-1), 368-373.
Sol
Reference:
Martirosyan E.G..
Legal base for a unified agricultural policy in EU
// Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 9.
– P. 1-7.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.9.43184.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.9.43184
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Abstract: This article explores the formation of a unified agricultural policy in the EU, its legal bases, goals and organizational mechanism. A unified agricultural policy represents one of the oldest and most developed branch policies in the EU. Despite the decrease in the agrarian sector of the EU economy, there is still significant EU budget allocation for the agricultural policy. It is noted that the key vectors of this policy are the legal regulation of organization of the food markets for agricultural products, as well as organizational policymaking. The author highlights the fact that the work on forming a unified agricultural policy in the EU does not only lift the existing barriers, but it is also a joint effort that was formerly under exclusive jurisdiction of individual member-states. A conclusion is made that the large scale and rich legal base of the unified agricultural policy in the EU is comprised of acts of primary and secondary laws.
Keywords: EU, European economic area, agriculture, agricultural market, secondary law, agricultural policy, legal framework, EFTA, world economy, market economy
References:
Myullerson R.A. K voprosu o «prave Evropeyskikh soobshchestv» // Vestnik MGU. Seriya 11. Pravo. M., 1982. N 5. S. 49.
Pravo Evropeyskogo soyuza: pravovoe regulirovanie torgovogo oborota: Ucheb. posobie // Pod red. V.V. Bezbakha, A.Ya. Kapustina, V.K. Puchinskogo. M.: ZERTsALO, 1999. S. 23-24.
Topornin B.N. Evropeyskoe pravo: Uchebnik. M.: Yurist', 2001. S. 19.
Shemyatenkov V.G. Evropeyskaya integratsiya. M., 2003. S. 176.
Entin L.M. Evropeyskoe pravo. Pravo Evropeyskogo Soyuza i pravovoe obespechenie zashchity prav cheloveka. M., 2005. S. 572.
Info Kit of the European Free Trade Association. September 2004. R. 3.
Lequesne Ch. L'Europe Bleue. A quoi ser tune politique communautaire de lapeche? // Paris. Presses de Sciences Po. 2001. R.89.
Usher J.A. EC Agricultural law. Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2001. P. 80.
COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2008/76/EC of 25 July 2008 amending Annex I to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed Available at: ht
Reference:
Volkov A.S..
The influence of the European Union on Great Britain’s current legal system
// Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 8.
– P. 52-60.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.8.43175.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.8.43175
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Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of hoe the modern codified legal system of the state of Romano-Germanic legal family correlates with the case law system of Great Britain. The author analyzes some common and distinct aspects of Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems, as well as studies the shared experience and means that helped both systems to reach similar solutions for mutual problems. Comparative analysis of the corresponding legal systems is conducted with consideration of the current United Kingdom’s membership in the European Union, as well as the future Brexit. The article starts with the description of issues of the current legal space of the European Union, and then analyzes the core of the differences between Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic legal systems. Relevance of this research is substantiated by the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union. The author also explores the problems both sides are facing as a result of Brexit. For many years, the European Union assisted the convergence of Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic law. However, currently Brexit leaves Ireland and Cyprus as the only two countries with Anglo-Saxon legal system in the European Union, which in turn, can lead gravitate the EU legislation towards Romano-Germanic legal family, with low consideration of the principle of Anglo-Saxon system of law.
Keywords: codification, precedent, common law, civil law, Brexit, European Union, law, United Kingdom, statute, code of law
References:
Stewart P. Have Britain and the EU agreed on citizen rights after Brexit? Complete France. 2007. URL: http://www.completefrance.com/home/news/have-britain-and-the-eu-agreed-on-citizen-rights-after-brexit-1-5312868 (data obrashcheniya 19.08.2018)
Mehren A., The French Civil Code and Contract: A Comparative Analysis of Formation and Form, Louisiana Law Review, Vol. 15, №4, 1955. URL: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2269&context=lalrev
Fleiner T., Common Law and Continental Law: Two Legal Systems, 2005. P.2. URL: http://www.thomasfleiner.ch/files/categories/IntensivkursII/Legalsystems.pdf (data obrashcheniya 19.08.2018)
The EU's position on the rights of EU citizens in the UK after Brexit. European Commission, representation in United Kingdom. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/unitedkingdom/services/your-rights/uk-after-Brexit_en (data obrashcheniya 18.08.18)
Tumanov V.A. Konstitutsionnoe pravo zarubezhnykh stran. Uchebnik dlya vuzov. Pod obshch. Red. M. V. Baglaya, Yu. I. Leybo, L. M. Entina.-M.: I
Reference:
Pashkovskaya I.G..
The development of political legal grounds of the European Energy Union
// Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 4.
– P. 40-50.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.4.43148.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.4.43148
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the legislation of institutions of the European Union in the area of development of the European Energy Union. The object of this research is the documents of institutions of the European Union: European Commission’s Third Report on the State of the Energy Union; Decision on establishment of the information exchange mechanism regarding the intergovernmental agreements and non-binding documents between the EU member-states and the third countries in the area of energy; and the measure on ensuring security to gas supply to the European Parliament of the Council of the European Union. Special attention is given to examination of the regulation of documents dedicated to the improvement of energy efficiency of the economies and reduction of dependency of the EU member-states on the import of energy products from the third countries. The main conclusion consists in the statement that the European Union continues forming the political legal foundation for the Russia-European Union relations in the area of energy. The scientific novelty lies in examination of regulations regarding the three levels of crisis situations, caused by the disruption of gas supplies to the EU member-states; the first of which is the level of early prevention, second – level of informing, and third – level of emergency situation. The author’s main contribution is the determination of danger to Russia, which can be inflicted by the application of legal norms of the European Union in the area of energy.
Keywords: Decision, Communication, European Parliament, Council of the EU, European Commission, EU Member States, European Union, Regulation, energy, solidarity
References:
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank Energy Union Package. A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy, COM(2015) 80 final of 25.02.2015, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:1bd46c90-bdd4-11e4-bbe1-01aa75ed71a1.0001.03/DOC_1&format=PDF.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions and the European Investment Bank Third Report on the State of the Energy Union, COM(2017) 688 final of 23.11.2017, {SWD(2017) 384 final}-{SWD(2017) 414 final}, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/third-report-state-energy-union_en.pdf.
Decision (EU) 2017/684 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on Establishing an Information Exchange Mechanism with Regard to Intergovernment
Reference:
Sudorgin O.A..
Legal regulation of electronic government in European law
// Law and Politics. – 2018. – № 3.
– P. 39-42.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.3.43140.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2018.3.43140
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Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal regulation of electronic government within the framework of European law (law of the European Union). The article examines various initiatives, informative acts (development plans, concepts), as well as normative acts (by-laws, directives) that regulate different aspects of electronic (digital) interaction between the EU citizens and government authorities of the member-states and authorities of the European Union. The author reviews the key vectors, areas of legal regulation of e-government that fall within the jurisdiction of European Union. The article acknowledges the achievement in the area of legal regulation of e-government and separate aspects of legal regulation of the indicated questions at the European level. The scientific novelty consists in analysis of the set of normative, consultation, and policy acts of the European Union with regards to electronic government. The author determines the key directions, fields of development of the European legislation pertinent to regulation of various aspects of digital interaction between the citizens, government authorities, and authorities of the European Union. It is claimed that the main emphasis of the European law is put on the development of the elements of e-government that ensure the growth of single market, which particularly manifest in legal regulation in terms of the European law: digital exchange of customs documents; identification procedures (digital signature); resolution of commercial disputes in digital regime.
Keywords: concept, telecommunication means of communication, the Internet, authorities, prospects, digital interaction, E-government, development prospects, European Union, normative act
References:
T. Kerikmäe. Regulating eTechnologies in the European Union: Normative Realities and Trends. Springer. 2014. 324 p.
M. Gasco. ECEG2012-Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on e-Government. Academic Conferences Limited. 2012. 998 p.
D.C. Dragos, B. Neamtu. Alternative Dispute Resolution in European Administrative Law Springer. 2014. 605 p.
M. Eifert, J.O. Püschel. National Electronic Government: Comparing Governance Structures in Multi-Layer Administrations. Routledge. 2004. 288 p.
Fédération internationale pour le droit européen. Police and Judicial Co-operation in the European Union. FIDE 2004 National Reports. Cambridge University Press. 2004. 397 p.
Reference:
Vidus D..
Do the regional trade agreements violate the WTO’s MFN regime per se?
// Law and Politics. – 2017. – № 12.
– P. 62-69.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.12.42965.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0706.2017.12.42965
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Abstract: This article explores the relations between the regional trade agreements (RTAs) signed within the framework of the WTO or by WTO. To examine the object of relationship between RTAs and WTO, the subjects of the research are the regime of most favoured nation (MFN), regional trade agreements, as well as the legal nature of the WTO and responsibilities it sets. The author creates a visual example to demonstrate how countries violate the regime of MFN using RTAs. The work explores the practice of the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO on this issue, as well as provides theoretical substantiation on why signing RTAs does not mean violating the law of WTO de lege lata. Theoretical conclusions of some of the research leads the author to conclude that regional trade agreements represent lex posterior or lex specialis with regards to responsibility of the states before WTO.
Keywords: GATS, GATT, most favoured nation treatment, World trade organization, Regional trade agreements, WTO law, WTO Appellate body, State obligations, Contractual model, Constitutional model
References:
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947) // World Trade Organization: Legal texts URL: http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_01_e.htm (data obrashcheniya: 30.05.2016
Venskaya konventsiya o prave mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov 1969g. // United Nations-Treaty Series №8638 URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/consular.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 30.05.2016)
Talalaev A.N. Pravo mezhdunarodnykh dogovorov. Tom 2: Deystvie i primenenie dogovorov. Dogovory s uchastiem mezhdunarodnykh organizatsiy / Otv. Redaktor L.N. Shestakov. M.: Izdatel'stvo «Zertsalo», 2011. C. 50
Venskaya konventsiya o konsul'skikh snosheniyakh 1963g. // United Nations-Treaty Series №8638 URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/consular.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 30.05.2016)
Pauwelyn J. A Typology of Multilateral Treaty Obligations: Are WTO Obligations Bilateral or Collective in Nature? EJIL (2003), Vol. 14 No. 5, R. 911 – 912; Sm. podrobnee: Third Report on the Law of Treaties by Gerald Fitzmaurice, UN