Abstract: In his article Gavrilov touches upon the definition of the legal nature of derivative financial instruments. Within the framework of this research, the author carries out a complex analysis of the legal nature of derivative financial instruments, in particular, he analyzes the approaches the academic community offers to the matter as well as applicable laws and regulations of Russia on derivative financial instruments and judicial practice. Special attention is paid to the relationship between derivative financial instruments, value documents and wagering contracts. To illustrate the genesis of the legal nature of derivative financial instruments, Gavrilov uses particular examples from the court practice. The methodological basis of the research involves dialectical, formal law, comparative law and structured system analysis. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author makes an attempt to offer his own definition of what derivative financial instrument is and shares his opinion on the derivative financial instrument legislation. He also suggests what areas of the legislation should be improved in the sphere of derivative financial instruments and concludes that value documents and derivative financial instruments are of completely different nature. The author also differentiates between derivative treaties and wagering contracts. 

Keywords: legal nature of derivatives, derivative transaction, futures contract, derivatives market, derivative, derivative financial instrument, value document, wagering contract, aleatory contract, essence of derivative

Abstract: The article is devoted to the experience of the implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law no, 476 of December 29, 2014 that defines the rules and procedure of individual (physical entities') bankruptcy. In his research Kuznetsov examines the historical grounds for that law and succeeding transformations. He also analyzes the algorithm for individual bankruptcy procedure, describes conditions and order for concluding an amicable settelment, principles of debt restructuring, and rules for selling debtor's assets. The researcher demonstrates the role of an independent financial manager in a case of individual bankruptcy. The research methodology is based on the systems approach and involves a detailed analysis of the algorithms at each stage of the individual bankruptcy procedure: initiating a bankruptcy procedure, preparing a debt settlement plan, and implementing a debt settlement plan. In his research Kuznetsov describes the main points of confusion in applicable laws that create problems for implementing the provisions of the Federal Law No. 476. The author also focuses on how the value of individual bankruptcy procedure is formed. The author demonstrates that current financial conditions, in fact, makes this procedure unavailable for those who actually need it. The author also makes the main suggestions on how to improve the procedure of individual bankruptcy. These suggestions may be used to change and improve the current legislation.  

Keywords: individuals, federal law 476-FZ, adjustmen, restructuring, indebtedness, citizens, bankruptcy, algorithm, financial manager, private persons

Abstract: The subject of this research is the particularities of the legal regulation of activity conducted by specialized enterprises rendering financial services in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes how definitions used to denote the aforesaid actors have been transformed and how requirements for specialised enterprises rendering financial services have been changed under modern conditions. The comparative law analysis of the European Union and USA laws regulating creation and activity of enterprises rendering financial services has allowed to define similar provisions that relate, first of all, to the core capital as the guarantee of performance of obligations to customers. Moreover, the other similarity is that there are special requirements for the heads of such enterprises (major, job experience, sterling reputation, etc.). In the course of achieving research objectives the author has applied general research principles, approaches and  methods, in particular, dialectical approach as a method of objective and comprehensive analysis of the reality and dynamics of this reality; historical method to define the genesis of the concept of a specialised enterprise rendering financial services; inductive method to clarify the definition of credit organisations and financial organisations. The researcher has also used special research methods such as formal legal method and comparative law method. Based on the summarized theoretical and practical materials, the results of the research has allowed to describe particularities of such key terms as credit organisations and financial organisations. In addition, the author has also described particularities of the legal regulation of activities carried out by such enterprises as a result of the specific nature of their services. The results of the research have also allowed to conclude that in order to establish a single system of requirements for all economic entities operating on the financial services market, it will be beneficial to adopt a special federal law 'Concerning the Financial Services Market' that would help to interpret and apply the main social relations of all entities on the financial services market in the law enforcement practice.   

Keywords: financial services market, non-bank credit organizations, EU legislation, US legislation, Russian legislation, genesis of legal regulation, financial services, financial institution, credit institution, consumer financial services

Abstract: The subject of the research is the consideration of a new legal Institute in the system of arbitrage-procedural justice, i.e. combination of arbitral and procedural rules governing the definition and procedure for the issuance of a court order as a judicial act, certifying the legal fact of the legitimacy of the claims of the claimant against the debtor for the recovery of sums of money. The introduction of this legal institution in the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation aims at optimization of the law enforcement practice in the sphere of protection of rights and legitimate interests of natural and legal entities, society and the state. The methodological basis of the research involves a combination of general and special research methods that are used to analyze objective social and legal reality in the study area. This includes methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization, and formal logical method. In the course of the research the author has identified functions and importance of the court order as an enforcement act, particularities of adopting the act and the act coming into force as well as appealability that combined with the function of this legal act represents the framework for implementing fair, reasonable and transparent justice.

Keywords: debtor, claimer, law enforcement, arbitrazh court, arbitration proceedings, court order, rights protection, legality, propriety, fair

Abstract: This paper discusses the basic stages of formation and characteristics of national labor UK legislation affecting the regulation of online employment and the impact on it of norms of the "European Framework Agreement on Telework» ( "European Framework agreement on telework") - the document by the European Council adopted in 2002 as a result of a dialogue with the main European social partners.Each European country has chosen its way of implementation of the European framework agreement according to their labor laws. In this work the author considers a unique way of the UK. The research methods include the analysis of the legal framework of Great Britain and the European Union, Russian and foreign scientific literature as well as sociological and statistical studies. As part of this work the author has defined the basic stages of formation of the Internet standards of employment regulation (Telework) in the UK and has marked national characteristics of the process. The author of the article has also highlighted the role of national and supranational laws in the formation of labor legislation in the field of Internet regulation of employment.

Keywords: labor law in UK, atypical forms of work, atypical employment, remote employment, telework, E-work, post-industrial society, information society, labor market, distance employment

Abstract: Today's academic and legal literature often uses the terms 'competence' and 'powers' as synonymous. This approach is appiled in the sphere of budget law, too. However, adequacy of legal instruments used by budget law requires specific and detailed characteristics of such terms as 'budget competence' and 'budget powers' which is the subject of the present research article. The author of the article analyzes the terms 'budget competence' and 'budget powers' from the point of view of budget law development and defines the main milestones therein. The methodological basis of the research involves analysis of the aforesaid concepts in budget law for the purpose of their in-depth study. The author of the article analyze general and specific characteristics of these terms and derivative legal concepts and stages of the legal use of these terms; and causes of amendments and changes in budget law as well as associated problems and contradictions. The author demonstrates how the above mentioned terms originated and what technical legal, socio-economic and institutional factors created the grounds for their appearance. 

Keywords: income powers (authorities), differentiation of powers, powers, authorities, competency, expenditure powers (authorities), state debt, budget policy, budget law, budget, national (internal) debt

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the economic and legal relations arising between tax agencies and law enforcement agencies in the process of conducting tax audits in the Rostov Region. The research touches upon practical aspects of interaction between tax agencies and investigating and law enforcement agencies during in-office and field tax audits. The authors describe the actual problems of such interaction as well as contradictions and negative consequences for pumping up the budget. Thus, one of the main issues of interaction between territorial tax agencies, investigating departments of the Investigative Commitee of Russia and agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Rostov Region in the process of conducting in-office taxc audits including those to define the reasonability of VAT refund is the faults and gaps in the legal regulation of such relations. In their research the authors have used research methods such as comparison, generalization, grouping and classification as well as the comparative law method and empirical method. The authors note that there is no legally fixed set of methods to be applied by each supervisory agency during joint tax audits. The current legislation does not regulate all interacting processes betwen tax and law enforcement agencies during such audits, either. The authors of the present research also make particular suggestions on how to improve the adequate achivement of set goals and targets in the sphere fo joint actions of force structures to conduct control over taxpayers' activity. 

Keywords: investigating authorities, tax return, arbitration disputes, tax law, law enforcement agencies, joint inspection, field inspection, in-office audits, VAT, taxes

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the concept of tax administration. Taxpayers are the main subjects that form the budget revenues. This circumstance requires a more detailed regulation of the interaction between taxpayers and state authorities. Meanwhile, the effective legal regulation does not provide a clear concept of tax administration. Science does not give us a clear definition of tax administration either. However, one of the conditions of effective functioning of the tax system is the qualitative tax administration which purpose is to create the optimal conditions for running business and fulfilment of tax obligations. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of the definitions of tax administration in order to study all aspects thereof. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that based on the analysis of different definitions of tax administration offered by scientists including economists, the author of the article offers his own vision of the aforesaid term which is the part of administrative activity in the tax sphere.   

Keywords: public authorities, state administration, tax sphere, public authorities, control, public administration, tax authorities, state activity, taxpayer, tax administration